This one found greater adiposity measures to be associated with CVD risk factors even after adjustments for covariates and physical fitness in Swedish 9-year-old children.
- Body composition and physical fitness were strongly associated.
- Fat mass and fat mass index were strongly and positively associated with CVD risk factors also after adjustments for covariates including physical fitness.
- Fat-free mass index had generally weak associations with CVD risk factors that were attenuated after adjustments.
That is to say, fat-free mass had no beneficial associations with CVD risk factors which provides support that cardiovascular health promotion in childhood should focus on the maintenance of a healthy fat mass.
- Upper body strength and lower body strength in some cases had opposite associations with the measured CVD risk factors.
For instance, greater upper body strength was associated with higher systolic blood pressure and MetS score, whereas greater lower body strength was associated with lower HOMA-IR and MetS score.
- Greater cardiorespiratory fitness and motor fitness were associated with lower HOMA-IR and MetS score, although associations were strongly attenuated by the adjustments for other covariates including body composition (fat mass index and fat-free mass index).
Body composition, physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in 9-year-old children (open access)
This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs comes to the conclusion that ~700 METs-min/week is the minimal dose to elicit clinically important changes in cognition in older adults.
- The estimated minimal exercise dose found that can elicit clinically relevant changes in cognition was 724 METs-min per week, with doses beyond the upper bound of WHO recommended level of physical activity providing less clear benefits.
- 724 METs-min per week is slightly above the lower bound of WHO recommended level of physical activity (i.e. 600 METs-min per week, equivalent to 150 min/week of moderate intensity or 75 min/week of vigorous activity).
This one suggests that conventional daily caffeine intake does not provide sufficient time for the elimination of caffeine and paraxanthine.
- Worse still, even though the salivary caffeine nearly reaches a clear state, the caffeine-associated brain responses seem to require a longer time to be fully restored.
"The concurrence of a reduced hippocampal GM intensity and an incomplete caffeine elimination, together with a GM recovery after being deprived of caffeine, underscore the importance of a sufficient cessation period...
This Mendelian randomization analysis suggests that VAT mass is associated with a wide range of CVD outcomes including coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, vascular diseases, and stroke, with some circulating proteins being potential mediators of this association.
- Among these proteins, genetically estimated VAT mass had the highest OR value for the expression of leptin.
- Excessive VAT increased the level of leptin and further increased the incidence of all-cause heart failure, atrial fibrillation and flutter, DVT of lower extremities, pulmonary embolism, and DVT of lower extremities and pulmonary embolism.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of increasing dietary protein ingestion to improve lean body mass gain, skeletal muscle strength, and physical function in healthy subjects.
- Additional protein ingestion together with resistance training leads to small additional lean body mass and lower body strength.
- This effect seems to be more prominent in younger subjects ingesting ≥1.6 g/kg/day.
This study explored the effect of three different modes of resistance training on appetite hormones, cardiometabolic and anthropometric measures in males with obesity.
- 44 males with obesity were randomized to traditional resistance training (TRT, n = 11), circuit resistance training (CRT, n = 11), interval resistance training (IRT, n = 11) or control (C, n = 11) groups.
- All resistance training groups received 50 min of supervised training per session, three days per week, for 12 weeks.
This one suggests that individuals with high serum microRNA-122 levels may be less responsive during diet/physical activity-induced weight loss, as far as hepatic fat content loss is concerned.
- In the current study of participants with abdominal obesity or dyslipidemia from an 18-month randomized, controlled diet and physical activity intervention trial, it was observed that serum miR-122 levels were positively associated with hepatic fat percentage at baseline.
- A greater elevation in miR-122 from baseline to 18 months was associated with a smaller reduction in hepatic fat content during the 18-month intervention process.