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Elon ⚪ Profile picture
@hadithworks
Sep 20 • 7 tweets • 3 min read • Read on X
@RandomHuma11601 @IslamicOrigins I think you're right to identify al-Zuhri as the common link of this tradition & its likely originator [1/x]


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@RandomHuma11601 Originally al-Zuhri probably didn't attribute this tradition to the Prophet [2/x]
archive.org/details/980000…
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@RandomHuma11601 al-Zuhri likely based his tradition on an earlier one, like the tradition attributed to Ka'b al-Ahbar (not the Prophet) [3/x]
archive.org/details/980000…
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@RandomHuma11601 I don't know which seismic event led to the introduction of this tradition, but I do find Ambrasey's book on earthquakes to be extremely useful [4/x]

archive.org/details/nichol…
@RandomHuma11601 There was a lot of eschatological expectations around the 1st Islamic century & there was also a lot of seismic activity in which Muslims saw an omen for the end of times. [5/x]

I talk about this in my open access article
brill.com/view/journals/…
@RandomHuma11601 I imagine that a lot of Hadiths about earthquakes & volcanoes were created in the Umayyad era. These were inspired by actual earthquakes & volcanic eruptions, but also by speculation [6/x]
@RandomHuma11601 These traditions seemed topical when they first appeared, but then grew irrelevant as the 🌍 didn't end. But with the passage of enough time, people were able to reinterpret these traditions to fit later events, thus making them relevant once again. [7/7]

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More from @hadithworks

Elon ⚪ Profile picture
Sep 8
How exegesis can influence the contents of Hadith 🧵

In a Sunni hadith, the Prophet warns against a hellbound group of women who are “kāsiyāt ͑āriyāt” (clothed & naked). This seemingly contradictory phrase troubled exegetes: how can one be clothed & naked at the same time? [1/8] Image
An exegete al-Nawawī (d. 676/1277) listed 4 competing views: these women were...
1️⃣clothed in God’s grace, devoid (= naked) of gratitude for it
2️⃣clothed but devoid of good deeds etc.
3️⃣clothed in partly revealing clothing
4️⃣clothed in clothes showing their bodies’ contours [2/8] Image
Basically the traditional explanations can be divided in 2:
(a) the Literal (often cited by today’s proponents of “modesty”): the women are dressed “immodestly”
(b) the Metaphorical: the women are “naked” of piety, i.e., they lack piety [3/8] Image
Read 8 tweets
Elon ⚪ Profile picture
Sep 3
Rijal critics often say things like “so-&-so’s memory became bad when he became older.”

Here’s why such claims are not very helpful when assessing the reliability of hadiths. [1/8]🧵 Image
1st, it’s a generic claim. Hadith transmitters tended to be old (as old age offers a shorter path to the Prophet). Old people commonly experience memory loss, so it’s not really saying much that so-&-so had memory issues (would be a surprise if he didn't)[2/8]
2nd, even if a teacher’s memory worsens, he may still be a good teacher. E.g., when X was young he’d teach from memory (making mistakes), but when he got older he started relying on his written notes, making his teachings more accurate than ever [3/8]
Read 8 tweets
Elon ⚪ Profile picture
Aug 24
“The beginning of wisdom is fear of God” (raʾsu l-ḥikmati makhāfatu Llāh)

This famous Islamic saying ultimately originates in Psalms 111:10 (reshit ḥokma yirʾat YHWH).

Some notes on Its history in Hadith literature… [1/5]🧵
Wikimedia: Description English: Detail. The exterior of the Audience Chamber (the Chamber of Petitions; Arz Odası). Topkapi Palace, Istanbul, Turkey. The upper panel reads in Arabic راس الحكمة مخافة الله. Date Author Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg)
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In an early Basran report, Khālid al-Rabaʿī notes that this saying is found in “the Psalms of David” (though he wrongly asserts that it is in the book's "opening") [2/5]
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With time citing the bible grew less accepted by early Muslims. Sufyān al-Thawrī (Iraq, d. 161/778) seemingly originated a report portraying the saying as part of a “sermon” by the Companion Ibn Masʿūd (with no mention of Psalms). [3/5]
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Read 6 tweets
Elon ⚪ Profile picture
Jul 11
🧵 [1/6] On the RHYMES of sūrat AL-IKHLĀṢ

Considerations about the rhyme (-ad) play a crucial part in the formation of each of this short sūra’s 4 āyas… Image
[2/6] The 1st āya describes God as "one," strangely using the word “aḥad.” But usually the Qur’an refers to God as "one" using “wāḥid.” Wāḥid’s rhyme is -id, but aḥad’s rhyme is -ad.

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[3/6] The 2nd āya ends with the peculiar word ṢAMAD the meaning of which is heavily contested. It has the rhyme -ad. Image
Read 13 tweets
Elon ⚪ Profile picture
May 19
[1/6] 🧵Two people are crossing a desert. They have one water bottle that can sustain only one of them. What do they do? Rabbi Akiva says: one of them should drink, while the other dies of dehydration.

There's an Arabic parallel for this hypothetical scenario... Image
[2/6] The famed freethinker Abu Bakr al-Razi (d. 925AD) writes: Two people are crossing a desert. They have one water bottle that can sustain only one of them. What do they do? Al-Razi says: the one who most benefits society should drink, while the other dies of dehydration. Image
[3/6] Did Abu Bakr al-Razi cite a Jewish source? If so, why is his solution (that appeals to utility/expediency) different from Rabbi Akiva’s solution (that doesn’t appeal to utility)? To better answer these questions we may turn to the Roman writer Cicero (d. 43BC)...
Read 7 tweets
Elon ⚪ Profile picture
Dec 11, 2023
Hadith vs. Mishnah:
🟡"Who is rich? The one who is content with his lot."🟡

Note also the question 🟢"who is wise?"🟢 that is found in both texts though the answer is different...
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As is common, a saying that is attributed to a Rabbi, in this case Ben Zoma, in the Jewish source is attributed to a Biblical Prophet in the Muslim source.

Compare a slightly different example of this practice in a recent tweet
In the Mishnah, the wise is the one who learns from any person, but in the Hadith it is the one who judges others by the same standard as himself/herself. This is a reference to the Golden Rule, which is found in the Talmud, midrash, and hadith

I have a post about it:

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Read 5 tweets

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