#BigBang as the origin of time, space
#OriginoftheUniverse
1/ The universe began as an incredibly hot, very dense, single point in space roughly 13.8 billion years ago.
The entire observable universe was the size of a peach and had a temperature of over a trillion degrees.
2/ Cosmologists use sophisticated space missions, ground-based telescopes & complicated calculations 2 paint a clearer picture of th early universe &its formation.
3/ A key part of the evidence comes from observations of th cosmic microwave background, which contains the afterglow of light&radiation left over from the Big Bang.
4/ This evidential relic of the #BigBang pervades the universe &is visible to microwave detectors, which allows scientists 2 piece together clues of the early universe.
5/ In 2001, NASA launched th Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) mission 2 study th conditions as they existed in th early universe by measuring radiation from th cosmic microwave background. Among other discoveries, WMAP was able 2 determine th age of th universe.
6/ When the universe was very young, it underwent an incredible growth spurt. During this burst of expansion, which is known as inflation, the universe grew exponentially & doubled in size at least 90 times.
7/ After inflation, the universe continued to grow, but at a slower rate. As space expanded, the universe cooled and matter formed.
8/ Light chemical elements were created within the first three minutes of the universe's formation. As the universe expanded, temperatures cooled & protons & neutrons collided to make deuterium, which is an isotope of hydrogen. Much of this deuterium combined to make helium.
9/ For th first 380,000 years after th #BigBang, th intense heat from th universe's creation made it essentially too hot 4 light 2 shine. Atoms crashed together with enough force 2 break up in2 a dense, opaque plasma of protons, neutrons &electrons that scattered light like fog.
10/ After 380,000 years, matter cooled enough 4 electrons 2 combine with nuclei 2 form neutral atoms. This phase is known as "recombination," & th absorption of free electrons caused th universe 2 become transparent.
11/ Th light that was unleashed at this time is detectable today in the form of radiation from the cosmic microwave background.
The era of recombination was followed by a period of darkness before stars and other bright objects were formed.
12/ Step 5: Emerging from the Cosmic Dark Ages
Roughly 400 million years after the Big Bang, the universe began to come out of its dark ages. This period in the universe's evolution is called the age of re-ionization.
13/ Stage 6 Formation of stars
During this time, clumps of gas collapsed enough 2 form the very first stars&galaxies. Th emitted ultraviolet light from these energetic events cleared out&destroyed most of th surrounding neutral hydrogen gas.
14/ The process of re-ionization, plus the clearing of foggy hydrogen gas, caused the universe to become transparent to ultraviolet light for the first time.
15/ Step 7: Birth of the Solar System
The solar system is estimated 2 hv bn born a little after 9 billion years after th #BigBang, making it about 4.6 billion years old.
16/ According 2 current estimates, th sun is one of more than 100 billion stars in our Milky Way galaxy alone, & orbits roughly 25,000 light-years from th galactic core.
space.com/10900-solar-sy…
17/ Th sun & th rest of th solar system was formed from a giant rotating cloud of gas &dust known as th solar nebula. As gravity caused th nebula 2 collapse, it spun faster &flattened in2 a disk. During this phase, most of th material was pulled toward th center 2 form th sun.
18/ From th 1960s and 1970s, astronomers observed that there might be more mass in the universe than what is visible. This invisible mass became known as dark matter. Dark matter is inferred because of the gravitational pull it exerts on regular matter.
19/ Timeline of the #OriginsoftheUniverse
>0: The #BigBang. Time & space begin.
>10 seconds: Gravity separates from th 3
other fundamental forces (electromagnetism, weak & strong nuclear forces). This is th
earliest time that theoretical physicists have
probed so far.
20/ >10 seconds: The universe expands,
undergoing a spectacular acceleration known as
inflation. This process takes tiny regions of space
and blows them up into much larger volumes,
ironing out any wrinkles in the process.
21/ >10 seconds: Particles gain mass. The
electroweak forces break down into the
electromagnetism and weak forces we observe
today. Sub-atomic particles gain mass.
22/ >1 second: The first composite particles. Protons
and neutrons form from a very hot soup of quarks
and gluons.
23/
>3 minutes: The first elements (mostly hydrogen
and helium) form. The universe expands and
cools so fast that heavier elements don’t even
have a chance to be created.
24/
>380,000 years: Th universe’s temperature drops
enough 4 th protons&neutrons 2 begin
capturing electrons. Also, 4 th first time, light
travels freely thru space, & th fog of the
early universe clears. This light is still detectable
today as th cosmic microwave background.
25/
>30 million years: Stars first appear in the
universe. Computer models suggest that the first
stars may have formed at this point, along with
the formation of heavy elements.
26/
>200 million years: The Milky Way forms. The
Earth’s home galaxy was formed not long (well, in
cosmic terms) after the first stars.
>9 billion years: The Earth’s solar system forms.
The disk of material left over after the formation
of the Sun begins to get clumpy.
27/
>10 billion years: Life on Earth begins. The effect
of harsh solar radiation and lightning on a
primordial or prebiotic soup of organic material may have kick-started life.
28/
>11 billion years: Oxygen accumulates in the
atmosphere of the Earth. The essential gas for
animals to breathe appears for the first time.
29/
For 500 million years life was at bacterial level. Hence the scientific theory of evolution.
Different species evolved causing diversity of life.
99% of all species that ever lived are now extinct!
30/ Summary,
i. Th entire universe is contained in a point of no size&infinite temperature 13.8 billion years ago, called a singularity. Th point isn't surrounded by anything, not an event horizon & not even empty space,
31/
ii. Th point of singularity rapidly expands &th energy cools becoming a three-dimensional space, packed with energy. This is the “big bang. This “explosion” is a rapid expansion of space itself,
32/
iii. Within minutes, the temperature dropped 2 a few billion degrees & some of th energy is cool enough 2 become particles like protons, neutrons&electrons into atomic nuclei. Some of th energy becomes neutral atoms consisting hydrogen, helium & trace amounts of lithium.
33/
iv. As the universe expanded, the density dropped bcoz th volume was increasing. This cozd th temperature to drop. Some of th matter condenses in2 stars&galaxies.
v. Stars produce all th heavier elements which become dust.
vi. Dust condenses 2 form planets.
34/ Evidence of the #BigBang
1. Observational evidence includes the analysis of the spectrum of light from galaxies, which reveal a shift towards longer wavelengths proportional to each galaxy's distance in a relationship described by Hubble's law.
34/
2. A relic from when hot ionized plasma of the early universe first cooled sufficiently 2 form neutral hydrogen & allow space 2 become transparent 2 light, & its discovery led 2 general acceptance among physicists that th #BigBang is th best model 4 th origin of th universe.
34/
3. The relative proportion of light elements in the universe, which is a close match to predictions for the formation of light elements in the first minutes of the universe, according to #BigBang nucleosynthesis.
34/
4. Extrapolation of the expansion of the universe backwards in time using general relativity yields an infinite density and temperature at a finite time in the past.
35. Age of the universe
Calculated based on the measurements of the
a. expansion using Type Ia supernovae,
b. temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background,
c. correlation function of galaxies.
Anyone who uses th Bible 2 explain th #OriginsoftheUniverse and the #OriginsofLife, is simply exhibiting stinking scientific ignorance, illiteracy & infantility.
Theology (Faith/Fiction) & Science (Fact/Evidence) are never reconciled.
Genesis is even based on ancient myths!
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