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On this day in 1863, Black Americans began fighting for the U.S. Army after the creation of Bureau of Colored Troops. Those who served and loved the country that did not love them back.
Military History of African Americans.
A THREAD
Military History of African Americans.
A THREAD
Black Americans participated in every American war from the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the Civil War, the Spanish–American War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the War in Afghanistan, and the Iraq War.
Thousands of black troops, made up of both free men and enslaved, fought in the continental war. They were promised freedom for fighting but those promises were often broken.
1/ Who missed Hormuz?
2/ When asked during a recent @60Minutes interview whether Israel anticipated that Iran might move to close the Strait of Hormuz, an uncharacteristically sheepish Bibi Netanyahu (@netanyahu) almost completely avoided eye contact with interviewer Major Garrett (@MajorCBS) — eventually conceding that “the problem of the Hormuz Strait was understood as the fighting went on.”
3/ When asked about whether the US anticipated Iran would close the strait and conduct strikes on its neighbors, Secretary of War Pete Hegseth (@PeteHegseth) responded: “I can’t say we anticipated necessarily that’s exactly how they would react.”
🚨NEW — The Maricopa County Board of Supervisors is attempting an ILLEGAL POWER GRAB over early voting.
They advanced a resolution this week to SET UP early voting drop boxes.
But Arizona law gives that power ONLY to the County Recorder.
They’ve been warned.
They advanced a resolution this week to SET UP early voting drop boxes.
But Arizona law gives that power ONLY to the County Recorder.
They’ve been warned.
Arizona law is crystal clear.
A.R.S. § 16-542(A):
“The county recorder may establish… early voting locations… the recorder deems necessary.”
ONLY the recorder. NOT the board.
Early ballots must be “delivered or mailed to the county recorder.”
Drop boxes run by the board during early voting are NOT legal. Period.
A.R.S. § 16-542(A):
“The county recorder may establish… early voting locations… the recorder deems necessary.”
ONLY the recorder. NOT the board.
Early ballots must be “delivered or mailed to the county recorder.”
Drop boxes run by the board during early voting are NOT legal. Period.
Setting up unauthorized drop boxes is a class 5 felony under A.R.S. § 16-1005(E).
Collecting early ballots without the Recorder’s authority is a class 6 felony under A.R.S. § 16-1005(H).
Collecting early ballots without the Recorder’s authority is a class 6 felony under A.R.S. § 16-1005(H).
June 13, 2025. Vance Boelter gives his housemate $900 in cash, four months of rent in advance. Texts: "I may be dead shortly."
Six hours later, two MN legislators shot in their homes.
Methodology for detecting someone like Boelter on public record BEFORE June 14🧵
Six hours later, two MN legislators shot in their homes.
Methodology for detecting someone like Boelter on public record BEFORE June 14🧵
2/
Federal record is sealed. Likely stays that way.
This thread isn’t about whether Boelter acted alone.
It’s about a methodology question with a 50-year answer.
andrewpiskadlo.substack.com/p/detectable-a…
Federal record is sealed. Likely stays that way.
This thread isn’t about whether Boelter acted alone.
It’s about a methodology question with a 50-year answer.
andrewpiskadlo.substack.com/p/detectable-a…
3/
1981: Tversky & Kahneman prove “200 saved” and “400 lost” produce opposite choices on identical math.
1984: Cialdini names six levers. Sales floors, fundraising, intel recruitment.
2014: Cambridge Analytica weaponizes them at 87M-profile scale.
2017: PNAS confirms ad susceptibility at p<0.001.
1981: Tversky & Kahneman prove “200 saved” and “400 lost” produce opposite choices on identical math.
1984: Cialdini names six levers. Sales floors, fundraising, intel recruitment.
2014: Cambridge Analytica weaponizes them at 87M-profile scale.
2017: PNAS confirms ad susceptibility at p<0.001.
India's new birth report just revealed a TFR of 1.88, a little below replacement.
But unlike most countries, 🇮🇳 does not have a crisis of low births. With its young population, India had 23 million births, 3x more than any other country.
A look at how India is different. 🧵!
But unlike most countries, 🇮🇳 does not have a crisis of low births. With its young population, India had 23 million births, 3x more than any other country.
A look at how India is different. 🧵!
South Asia is the one region where marriage remains almost universal even as it has collapsed nearly everywhere else. Why? Arranged marriage.
In China, Korea and Japan, arranged marriage was common but became rare.
In India by contrast, arranged marriage remains the norm. 2/7
In China, Korea and Japan, arranged marriage was common but became rare.
In India by contrast, arranged marriage remains the norm. 2/7
India's age profile for births tells a remarkable story. Indian births peak in the early 20s, and most women stop well before age 30.
India is a populous and crowded county, and so most Indian women simply choose to limit their fertility for that reason. 3/7
India is a populous and crowded county, and so most Indian women simply choose to limit their fertility for that reason. 3/7
American bombardiers said they could drop a bomb into a pickle barrel from 20,000 feet.
The device they used to do it cost America $1.1 billion to build.
90,000 of them were manufactured during WW2.
Pilots took an oath to destroy it before letting it fall into enemy hands.
The Nazis had already stolen the plans in 1938.
This is the story of the Norden bombsight..🧵1/5
The device they used to do it cost America $1.1 billion to build.
90,000 of them were manufactured during WW2.
Pilots took an oath to destroy it before letting it fall into enemy hands.
The Nazis had already stolen the plans in 1938.
This is the story of the Norden bombsight..🧵1/5
🧵 2/5
By the late 1920s a Dutch born American engineer named Carl Norden was working on a problem that no air force in the world had solved.
How to drop a bomb from 20,000 feet in the air, traveling at hundreds of miles per hour, into something the size of a small building.
The math was punishing.
The bomb had to be released early enough to fall through wind and air resistance to a target the bombardier could no longer see.
Speed, altitude, drift, temperature, the curvature of the earth — all of it had to be calculated in real time by a man looking through a small telescope in a moving aircraft.
Carl Norden built a machine that did it for him.
The Norden bombsight was a 50 pound electromechanical analog computer containing approximately 2,000 precision parts.
Gyroscopes. Motors. Gears. Mirrors. A telescopic sight. A rotating directional indicator.
An autopilot link that allowed the bombsight to actually fly the aircraft during the final minutes of the bomb run, holding the bomber rock steady on its approach to the target.
The bombardier set the variables.
The Norden calculated the release point.
The Norden flew the aircraft.
The Norden dropped the bombs.
In controlled tests it seemed astonishingly accurate.
Bombs were placed inside areas the size of football fields from four miles up.
By the late 1920s a Dutch born American engineer named Carl Norden was working on a problem that no air force in the world had solved.
How to drop a bomb from 20,000 feet in the air, traveling at hundreds of miles per hour, into something the size of a small building.
The math was punishing.
The bomb had to be released early enough to fall through wind and air resistance to a target the bombardier could no longer see.
Speed, altitude, drift, temperature, the curvature of the earth — all of it had to be calculated in real time by a man looking through a small telescope in a moving aircraft.
Carl Norden built a machine that did it for him.
The Norden bombsight was a 50 pound electromechanical analog computer containing approximately 2,000 precision parts.
Gyroscopes. Motors. Gears. Mirrors. A telescopic sight. A rotating directional indicator.
An autopilot link that allowed the bombsight to actually fly the aircraft during the final minutes of the bomb run, holding the bomber rock steady on its approach to the target.
The bombardier set the variables.
The Norden calculated the release point.
The Norden flew the aircraft.
The Norden dropped the bombs.
In controlled tests it seemed astonishingly accurate.
Bombs were placed inside areas the size of football fields from four miles up.
🧵 3/5
The United States government treated the Norden bombsight as one of the most closely guarded secrets in the war.
Some historians later argued that the secrecy was a deliberate decoy designed to distract enemy intelligence from the Manhattan Project.
Whether by accident or design, the United States spent the equivalent of $24 billion in modern dollars to build the Norden program.
90,000 bombsights rolled off production lines between 1939 and 1945.
Every American bombardier in the Pacific and European theaters took a solemn oath.
He swore to defend the Norden with his life.
The bombsights were carried to and from aircraft under armed guard in locked metal cases.
They were installed and removed before and after every mission.
The bombardier on the bomb run was the only crew member permitted to see the Norden in operation.
Each Norden installation included a small thermite grenade.
If a bomber was shot down or about to be captured, the bombardier was required to detonate the thermite charge on top of the Norden.
The grenade burned at over 4,000 degrees.
It would melt the bombsight into a slag of unrecognizable metal.
Some versions of the oath were dramatic enough to include the idea that the bombardier should die before letting the sight be captured.
This was the most carefully protected piece of military technology in American history.
It had also been completely compromised before the war began.
The United States government treated the Norden bombsight as one of the most closely guarded secrets in the war.
Some historians later argued that the secrecy was a deliberate decoy designed to distract enemy intelligence from the Manhattan Project.
Whether by accident or design, the United States spent the equivalent of $24 billion in modern dollars to build the Norden program.
90,000 bombsights rolled off production lines between 1939 and 1945.
Every American bombardier in the Pacific and European theaters took a solemn oath.
He swore to defend the Norden with his life.
The bombsights were carried to and from aircraft under armed guard in locked metal cases.
They were installed and removed before and after every mission.
The bombardier on the bomb run was the only crew member permitted to see the Norden in operation.
Each Norden installation included a small thermite grenade.
If a bomber was shot down or about to be captured, the bombardier was required to detonate the thermite charge on top of the Norden.
The grenade burned at over 4,000 degrees.
It would melt the bombsight into a slag of unrecognizable metal.
Some versions of the oath were dramatic enough to include the idea that the bombardier should die before letting the sight be captured.
This was the most carefully protected piece of military technology in American history.
It had also been completely compromised before the war began.
🧵Google Earth has updated its satellite imagery to 2026 for the central and south Gaza strip.
In this thread, we will be going over some areas that I found interesting while I explored the update.
If you want a screenshot of a site, reply with the coordinates, and ill send.
In this thread, we will be going over some areas that I found interesting while I explored the update.
If you want a screenshot of a site, reply with the coordinates, and ill send.
Before we begin, it is necessary to note that, as this update only occurred today, it is only available on the Google Earth "Pro" application, available on PC/Laptop, not on the web version.
More info on how to download Google Earth Pro:
Now let's begin!
More info on how to download Google Earth Pro:
Now let's begin!
Zoomed out image of Rafah City and the wider Rafah Governorate, dated February 24, 2026.
Non-lawyers and many lawyers with strident political views hate stare decisis, the doctrine that says that courts are supposed to follow precedents.
But stare decisis is both essential for a functioning legal system and mandated by the Constitution.
But stare decisis is both essential for a functioning legal system and mandated by the Constitution.
Let's start with a famous Onion headline, "Area Man Passionate Defender Of What He Imagines Constitution To Be".
Think about WHY this is so funny.
theonion.com/area-man-passi…
Think about WHY this is so funny.
theonion.com/area-man-passi…
The basic point is that all of us have opinions about what we think the Constitution means, consider those opinions to be the "right" interpretation, and get mad when they are not followed. But no legal system works on "however anyone subjectively interprets the law is the law".
🚨What if rocks could trap CO₂ faster than nature ever does, at the atomic scale?
A recent study reveals how water can dramatically accelerate CO₂ mineralization on mineral surfaces, unlocking faster long-term #CarbonStorage.
Details🧵1/9
A recent study reveals how water can dramatically accelerate CO₂ mineralization on mineral surfaces, unlocking faster long-term #CarbonStorage.
Details🧵1/9
2/ For decades, scientists assumed CO₂ turns into stable carbonate rock through a slow, two-step process:
CO₂ dissolves in water → minerals dissolve → carbonates slowly form.
This made geological storage reliable, but extremely slow.
CO₂ dissolves in water → minerals dissolve → carbonates slowly form.
This made geological storage reliable, but extremely slow.
3/ But real-world observations didn’t fully match this slow picture.
In some environments, carbonate minerals form surprisingly quickly, suggesting an alternative, faster reaction pathway might exist.
In some environments, carbonate minerals form surprisingly quickly, suggesting an alternative, faster reaction pathway might exist.
🧵 NET MIGRATION AND THE LABOUR PARTY
The Office for National Statistics has reported that ‘net migration’ – the difference between those coming to live here long-term and those leaving – fell to 171,000 last year. The figure has almost halved from 331,000 in 2024.
On the surface, this looks like a rare win for the prime minister’s flailing premiership. Starmer is the man who once famously branded Tory migration policy an “experiment,” and warned of Britain becoming an “island of strangers”.
It is just as well for him that the migrant inflows are now coming down. Yet beneath the headlines, the picture is not nearly as rosy as many assume....
The Office for National Statistics has reported that ‘net migration’ – the difference between those coming to live here long-term and those leaving – fell to 171,000 last year. The figure has almost halved from 331,000 in 2024.
On the surface, this looks like a rare win for the prime minister’s flailing premiership. Starmer is the man who once famously branded Tory migration policy an “experiment,” and warned of Britain becoming an “island of strangers”.
It is just as well for him that the migrant inflows are now coming down. Yet beneath the headlines, the picture is not nearly as rosy as many assume....
1. CLINGING TO JAMES CLEVERLY'S COATTAILS
For one thing, the fall in net migration is not entirely down to the hard-nosed grit of Labour’s Home Office. Much of the credit belongs to Tory MP James Cleverly and the eleventh-hour reforms he pushed through in the dying months of the last Conservative government.
Cleverly banned dependants from joining low-skilled care workers and effectively did the same for international students, barring exceptional cases like PhD programmes.
He also raised the minimum salary requirement for migrant workers to £38,700 from its previous level of £26,200.
Cleverly was no immigration hardliner. He should have ended Priti Patel’s recruitment of care workers altogether and cracked down far harder on visa routes that are routinely gamed, above all the student and asylum routes.
Still, credit where it’s due: his reforms have dragged the numbers down. And now Labour are clinging to his coattails and taking the plaudits wherever they can. Only @MikeTappTweets, Mahmood’s junior minister, has been willing to give Cleverly his fair due.
For one thing, the fall in net migration is not entirely down to the hard-nosed grit of Labour’s Home Office. Much of the credit belongs to Tory MP James Cleverly and the eleventh-hour reforms he pushed through in the dying months of the last Conservative government.
Cleverly banned dependants from joining low-skilled care workers and effectively did the same for international students, barring exceptional cases like PhD programmes.
He also raised the minimum salary requirement for migrant workers to £38,700 from its previous level of £26,200.
Cleverly was no immigration hardliner. He should have ended Priti Patel’s recruitment of care workers altogether and cracked down far harder on visa routes that are routinely gamed, above all the student and asylum routes.
Still, credit where it’s due: his reforms have dragged the numbers down. And now Labour are clinging to his coattails and taking the plaudits wherever they can. Only @MikeTappTweets, Mahmood’s junior minister, has been willing to give Cleverly his fair due.
2. MIGRANT WORKERS
The reality is that Labour has done very little beyond tweaking the Skilled Worker visa route and banning overseas care worker recruitment.
On the one hand, the move to ban migrant carers will finally force care home bosses to abandon their Dickensian business models and offer better wages and working conditions.
But for that to work, Labour will need to cough up serious money for local authorities. Many care home operators are dysfunctional, debt-ridden outfits barely staying afloat as it is.
Whether Labour has any real plan to deal with that remains to be seen. But the ban on overseas recruitment has nevertheless had a *decisive* impact on net migration.
Labour has also tightened up the standard Skilled Worker route, pushing the skill requirement back to degree-level only. This wiped out around 100-180 sub-degree roles from standard sponsorship – including hotel managers, hospitality supervisors, and warehouse managers.
But there is, I am afraid, a catch in all this. Lower-skilled jobs can still be sponsored if they appear on either the Immigration Salary List (ISL), or the new Temporary Shortage List (TSL).
The ISL handles exceptions with a lower baseline salary threshold, while the TSL is the interim safety net for sub-degree roles below the new skill cap. The saving grace is that workers on these lists are barred from bringing dependants – but the roles themselves are a joke.
Some of the jobs included on the Temporary Shortage List are extraordinary: HR professionals (!!!), insurance underwriters, make-up artists, packaging designers, bookkeepers, payroll managers, wage clerks, vehicle paint technicians and, one of my personal favourites, “hovercraft officers”.
I do not know about you, but I seriously doubt Britain is suffering from a crippling shortage of HR officers and insurance underwriters. If anything, those professions probably suffer from over-supply rather than scarcity.
As for the supposed shortage of hovercraft officers, I plead complete ignorance.
The reality is that Labour has done very little beyond tweaking the Skilled Worker visa route and banning overseas care worker recruitment.
On the one hand, the move to ban migrant carers will finally force care home bosses to abandon their Dickensian business models and offer better wages and working conditions.
But for that to work, Labour will need to cough up serious money for local authorities. Many care home operators are dysfunctional, debt-ridden outfits barely staying afloat as it is.
Whether Labour has any real plan to deal with that remains to be seen. But the ban on overseas recruitment has nevertheless had a *decisive* impact on net migration.
Labour has also tightened up the standard Skilled Worker route, pushing the skill requirement back to degree-level only. This wiped out around 100-180 sub-degree roles from standard sponsorship – including hotel managers, hospitality supervisors, and warehouse managers.
But there is, I am afraid, a catch in all this. Lower-skilled jobs can still be sponsored if they appear on either the Immigration Salary List (ISL), or the new Temporary Shortage List (TSL).
The ISL handles exceptions with a lower baseline salary threshold, while the TSL is the interim safety net for sub-degree roles below the new skill cap. The saving grace is that workers on these lists are barred from bringing dependants – but the roles themselves are a joke.
Some of the jobs included on the Temporary Shortage List are extraordinary: HR professionals (!!!), insurance underwriters, make-up artists, packaging designers, bookkeepers, payroll managers, wage clerks, vehicle paint technicians and, one of my personal favourites, “hovercraft officers”.
I do not know about you, but I seriously doubt Britain is suffering from a crippling shortage of HR officers and insurance underwriters. If anything, those professions probably suffer from over-supply rather than scarcity.
As for the supposed shortage of hovercraft officers, I plead complete ignorance.
Since Hooters is undergoing a facelift to be more family-friendly, I have come up with a few designs they might want to consider while keeping the original vibe.
A short thread: 🧵
This icon is known around the world. Globes!
A short thread: 🧵
This icon is known around the world. Globes!
Everyone loves Jugs.
Really nice casual place: Melons
📊 VGC Regulation M-A usage stats update [Champions]
165 top teams from the 9 biggest recent grassroots tours
1️⃣2️⃣ Pokémon usage stats
3️⃣ Finalist teams
🔽 Usage trends, team compositions and cores 🔽
165 top teams from the 9 biggest recent grassroots tours
1️⃣2️⃣ Pokémon usage stats
3️⃣ Finalist teams
🔽 Usage trends, team compositions and cores 🔽
📈 Basculegion
📈 Garchomp
📈 Charizard-Mega-Y
📈 Whimsicott
📉 Sneasler
📈📈📈 Glimmora
📈 Scizor-Mega
📉 Aerodactyl
📉 Rotom-Wash
📈 Glimmora-Mega
📉 Kommo-o
📉 Scovillain-Mega
📉 Tyranitar-Mega
📉 Gengar-Mega
📈 Garchomp
📈 Charizard-Mega-Y
📈 Whimsicott
📉 Sneasler
📈📈📈 Glimmora
📈 Scizor-Mega
📉 Aerodactyl
📉 Rotom-Wash
📈 Glimmora-Mega
📉 Kommo-o
📉 Scovillain-Mega
📉 Tyranitar-Mega
📉 Gengar-Mega
The metagame is centralizing around some compositions
This archetype makes up over 20% of the top teams:
Charizard-Mega-Y + Garchomp + Basculegion + Kingambit
▶️ + Glimmora + Whimsicott
▶️ + Aerodactyl(-Mega) + Sylveon / Floette-Mega
This archetype makes up over 20% of the top teams:
Charizard-Mega-Y + Garchomp + Basculegion + Kingambit
▶️ + Glimmora + Whimsicott
▶️ + Aerodactyl(-Mega) + Sylveon / Floette-Mega
