Fascism and anti-fascism [are] successive and opposite moments of a further revolution than Marx-Leninism. There are singular symmetries between Mussolini’s fascism and Gramsci’s anti-fascist unity.
The term ‘fasces’ evokes the idea of divergent political forces, perhaps with opposing ultimate goals, which are associated against a common adversary. … What is essential in fascism as well as in Gramsci’s [anti-fascist] block is the “against”; …
… the opponent of fascism was outside, hence its encounter with nationalism; that of Gramscian communism is inside, in the form of the old “common sense”; in short, of pre-modern intellectual habits.
We could say that in the two moments of the revolution following Marx-Leninism we [have] had the succession of a national fascism and a radical fascism. Nationalism and radicalism are opposite political positions; …
… the opposition reaches its limit when it occurs within the same [philosophical] horizon, and it is then that fascism becomes the substitute for the devil; something elusive and protean, always present even if hidden, susceptible of re-emerging in the most diverse forms, etc.
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