British captured Delhi in 1803. Islamic clerics were already disturbed by the marauding Sikhs and Marathas. Among Muslim elites and ulama, there was was a certain degree of acceptance of British rule which did not appear detrimental to their interests.
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#Deobandi cleric Shah Abdul Hayy and #Shia cleric Didar Ali declared India Darul-Islam but pronounced Calcutta Darul-Harb. Faraizis of Bengal declared India Darul-Harb but Hajji Shariatullah did not preach jihad against the British.
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During the Revolt of 1857, many Islamic clerics issued fatwas of jihad and fought against the British even though some of them, including #Barelvi cleric Fazl-i-Haq Khairabadi, had earlier pledged allegiance to the British.
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In 1867, Muftis of Makkah issued fatwa declaring British India Darul Islam.
In 1870, North Indian ulama declared hostility to the British govt illegal.
#Salafi clerics Nawab Siddiq Hassan Khan and Hussain Batalwi affirmed that India was not Darul Harb.
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#Barelvi cleric Ahmad Raza was also against considering India Darul Harb.
#Deobandi cleric Ashraf Thanvi called India Darul Islam.
#Shia and #Ahmadi ulama also believed that India was Darul Islam and loyalty to the British was in order.
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