IMMUNE DAMAGE PERSISTS POST-COVID.
A Thread 🧵
Here is a collection of papers indicating the persistence of immuno-dysfunction post-Covid.
Let's heretoafter refer to them as the 'Munro Files'.
No reason.
#MunroFiles
"We detected persisting CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation up to *12 MONTHS* after infection, in patients with mild and severe COVID-19, as measured by increased HLA-DR and CD38 expression on these cells."
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/al…
"Immunological dysfunction persists for *8 MONTHS* following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection"
nature.com/articles/s4159…
"Major alterations to monocyte and dendritic cell subsets lasting *MORE THAN 6 MONTHS* after hospitalization for COVID-19"
frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
"The study showed increased risk of post-Covid STREP TONSILLITIS in children up to *12 MONTHS* after a Covid infection"
bmj.com/content/380/bm…
"Immunological damage from reinfection is cumulative."
nature.com/articles/s4159…
"Long-lasting depletion and functional impairment of DCs and monocytes may have consequences for susceptibility to secondary infections and therapy of COVID-19 patients."
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34614036/
"The impaired function and reduced numbers of dendritic cells are a catastrophe for the immune system. This deficiency and dysfunction of DCs persist for *SEVERAL MONTHS* after SARS-CoV-2 infection"
frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
"In the Covid-recovered, there is a total absence of CD22-CD45 interaction; a whole subset missing! This is in addition to dysregulated B cell maturation."
frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
"Deep immunophenotyping revealed significant differences in multiple innate and adaptive immune populations (T helper, T follicular helper, and regulatory T cells) in convalescent individuals compared to healthy controls"
bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
"We demonstrate myeloid recovery but persistent T cell abnormalities in convalescent COVID-19 patients *MORE THAN 3 MONTHS* after initial infection. These changes are more marked with age & are independent of ongoing subjective ill-health"
frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
“The fact that in our data we find the level of vascular derangement higher in post-acute than in *acute* COVID-19 suggests that vascular remodeling is a continuously acting process during post-acute COVID disease.”
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
"Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations revealed a significant difference in circulating immune cell populations among MY-LC groups [which persisted]."
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
"It appears highly likely that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes acute pulmonary vascular disease as a major aspect of the acute pathology and that some pulmonary vascular injury is likely to be present in individuals with persistent symptoms,
journals.plos.org/plospathogens/…
As always, please feel free to add to this list.
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