In distinguishing acute from chronic renal failure, which of the following is the most reliable evidence of CKD?
A.
History of increased serum creatinine
B.
History of increased BUN
C.
Above-normal plasma sodium
D.
Above-normal serum calcium
Answer:
A: A history of increased serum creatinine.
Urinalysis findings depend on the nature of the underlying disorder, but broad (> 3 WBC diameters wide) or especially waxy (highly refractile) casts often are prominent in advanced renal failure of any cause.
Choice B may be present in acute or chronic renal failure
**
Differences..
C: Plasma sodium is typically normal
D: Serum calcium is abnormal but not reliable in distinguishing acute from chronic renal failure.
ccjm.org/content/89/2/81
researchgate.net/figure/Feature…
slideshare.net/nileshkate79/d…
kidney.org/kidneydisease/…
news-medical.net/amp/health/Chr…
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