Thread by @praisethesteph

Czech Heavy Weaponry In Ukraine

On February 24, 2022, Russian troops launched an unprovoked and brutal invasion of Ukraine. The Czech Republic and Czech private companies reacted immediately and immediately began sending much-needed weaponry to the Ukrainian defenders to withstand the initial onslaught. This 🧵thread will introduce you to every known 🇨🇿#Czech equipment delivered to 🇺🇦#Ukraine: ⬇️

Mi-24V/35

The Mil Mi-24V/35 Hind-E is a twin-engine attack helicopter designed for direct support of ground units, it has the unique ability to transport up to 8 people or 1500kg of material in the cargo area. It is armed with a 12.7mm four-barreled 9A624 rotary machine gun and can carry up to eight 9M114 ATGMs, 55mm S-5 or 80mm S-8 rockets, UPK-23-250 cannon containers with a 23mm GSh-23L twin-barreled cannon, GUV9A universal containers with the possibility of installing a 30mm automatic 9-A-800 grenade launcher or one 12.7mm four-barreled 9-A-624 machine gun and two 7.62mm four-barreled 9-A-622 machine guns, and more...

The Czech Republic received 17 Mi-24V/35 attack helicopters, manufactured between 2003 and 2005, as compensation for Russia's debt to the Czech Republic. The helicopters received subsequent modifications compared to the classic Mi-24V: TV3-117VMA engines, EVU engine exhaust gas cooling system, cabin and exterior light modifications for use of night vision system including custom night vision scopes, GPS satellite navigation system (Garmin-155 XL type), backup artificial horizon (type LUN 1241 of Czech manufacture), VARTA batteries, civil identification system transponder (IFF), which allows flights over the territory of the Czech Republic without restrictions, new elements for signaling and recording of flight parameters , altimeter calibrated in feet. Later modernization (~2017) included stabilized platform with FLIR night vision optoelectronic system, multi-function displays including moving map system, upgraded communication and navigation equipment, incorporation of an friend/foe aircraft identification system (IFF), planning and combat support system.

Photos from the stopover for refuelling in the east of the Czech Republic, during the flight to Poland and then to Ukraine, mid-May 2022. 📸Photos by @BuschModelar

Four Mi-24V/35 helicopters were donated to Ukraine in May 2022, with 2 apparently serving as a spare parts source and two participating in combat missions (No.3362 and No.3370), further helicopters were promised in July 2023.

By December 2023, all remaining Mi-24V/35 of the Czech Air Force were grounded and apparently almost all will be sent to Ukraine in early 2024.

T-72M and T-72M1

The T-72M is an export version similar to the T-72A, but without composite armor and with a simpler fire control system. The tank also received rubber sideskirts and smoke grenade launchers 902B "Tucha". The weight dropped to 37 tons. T-72M were produced under license in Czechoslovakia at ZŤS Martin between 1985 and 1986, a total of 251 T-72M tanks were produced.
The T-72M1 is an export version similar to the T-72A Obr.1979g. Compared to the M version, it has thicker armor, a new turret with 7+5 smoke grenade launchers on the front, hydraulic dampers, etc. Licensed production at ZŤS Martin took place between 1986 and 1993, 1010 units were produced.
The armament of both versions of the tanks consists of a smooth bore 125mm 2A46 cannon, equipped with an ejector and an insulating layer, coaxial 7.62mm PKT machine gun and a 12.7mm NSVT anti-aircraft machine gun. The drive is provided by a V-46 engine with an output of 574 kW at 2000 rpm.

📸Photo from April 2022, of T-72s and BVPs being loaded onto a train bound for Ukraine.

The Czech Republic was the first country ever to send tanks to Ukraine. On Monday, April 5, 2022, the first train left the Czech Republic for Ukraine, carrying 5 T-72M tanks and 5 BVP-1 IFVs. These were tanks and IFVs from army warehouses. As of October 9, 2023, a total of 62 tanks were sent to Ukraine from army warehouses, the vast majority of which were T-72M/M1.

Interesting fact: After delivery to Ukraine, the tanks were equipped with Kontakt-1 ERA, which is supplied to Ukraine in large quantities, together with 4S20 explosive elements, by the Czech company STV Group.

T-72EA

T-72EA is a refurbished and upgraded T-72M1 tank by Czech company Excalibur Army. The ballistic protection of the tank was increased due to the installation of 196 blocks of Kontakt-1 ERA with 4S20 explosive elements from STV Group. The original aiming and sighting devices were modernized by Optics Trade company. The gunner's aiming device TPN-1-49-23 M, the combined day/night observation device of the commander TKN-3 M and the night observation device of the driver TVNE-4B M are now passive. The original periscopes were modified to types TNPO-168V F (driver's observation device), TNP-165A F (gunner's observation device) and TNPA-65A F (two for the driver, two for the commander and one for the gunner), they were equipped with anti-laser filters for protection sight. The driver's workplace was modified, a digital dashboard from EA was installed. From the MESIT company, the tank also received a new VICM2000 Combat digital intercom, a DICOM RF20 radio station enabling encrypted communication and a GPS module for displaying navigation data and transmitting GPS coordinates. The original V-46-6 engine was replaced by a 626kW V-84 engine.

In total, Ukraine should receive at least 136 T-72EA tanks. 15 tanks were purchased by the Ukrainian embassy in the Czech Republic, they were delivered from April or May, and they immediately joined the fight. Another 90 tanks were half paid for by the USA and the Netherlands. Another 15 tanks were announced by Denmark and, most recently, 15 more tanks by the Netherlands again. 1 T-72EA tank for Ukraine was even purchased by the Czechs as part of the @DarPutinovi crowdfunding initiative.

BVP-1

The BVP-1 is a Czechoslovak licensed IFV based on the BMP-1. The armament consists of a 73 mm 2A28 cannon, a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun, a 9K11 Maljutka ATGM with a supply of 4 9M14M missiles. The drive is provided by a UTD-20 engine with an output of 220 kW at 2600 rpm.
Serial production took place between 1971 and 1987 and a total of 17,295 BVP-1s were produced in the basic version.
Excalibur Army exported dozens of BVP-1 to Ukraine already in 2017/8, later also 122mm self-propelled howitzers 2S1 Gvozdika, BM-21 Grad, howitzers D-20, D-30, etc.

The Czech Republic sent BVP-1 to Ukraine for the first time on April 5, 2022, together with T-72M tanks. A total of 131 infantry fighting vehicles were delivered to Ukraine as of 9/10/2023 as part of military aid.

Pbv-501a

Between 1997 and 2001, the Czech military repair company VOP-026 (today's Excalibur Army) repaired and upgraded 350 ex-German BVP-1s (made in Czechoslovakia) to the Pbv-501 version for the Swedish Armed Forces. They were retired from the Swedish arsenal in 2005 and in 2008, 335 PBVs were bought back by VOP-026. In the spring of 2015, deliveries of 280 Pbv-501 began to the Iraqi army, which at that time was fighting hard with ISIS (for example, Pbv-501 participated in the battle for Mosul, which lasted from October 2016 to July 2017).

Excalibur Army tried to sell Pbv-501 to Ukraine already in 2019, but then the German government rejected the request because it did not want to damage its relations with the Russian Federation. After the outbreak of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the German government finally approved the sale of 56 Pbv-501s from the Czech Republic to Ukraine on April 1, 2022, and the vehicles were immediately shipped.

A quick guide to tell the Pbv-501 from the BVP-1/BMP-1:

The first and most noticeable difference is that the Pbv-501 has rubber sideskirts instead of metal ones. The rail for the Maljutka ATGM was also removed. In addition, Pbv-501 received new front and rear headlights, there is also a small box next to the turret, a non-slip surface was added to the top of the hull for movement on the vehicle. Other changes took place in the interior, for example the mounts for weapons were modified, a new fire protection system was built in, or parts containing asbestos were removed.

BPzV Svatava

The BPzV Svatava is a Czechoslovak combat reconnaissance vehicle built on the basis of the BVP-1. Development began in 1984, production took place between 1988 and 1990, with 200 vehicles produced. Armament consists of a 73mm 2A28 cannon, a 7.62mm PKT machine gun, a 9K11 Maljutka ATGM with a supply of 7 9M14 missiles, and 6 81mm 902S smoke grenade discharges. The equipment fot the crew also consists of 4 RPG-75s and 12 hand grenades. The vehicle has NNP-21 passive night vision, PSNR-5 radar, MRP-4 radar seeker, TNA-3 navigation equipment and means of engineering and chemical research.

The BPzV Svatava was first spotted in Ukraine in May 2023. It is not known who and in what numbers sent them to Ukraine, but most likely the Czech Republic. As of 20/12/2023, two losses of these vehicles are known.

152mm ShKH vz.77 Dana SpGH

ShKH vz.77 Dana is a 152mm/L37 self-propelled howitzer of Czechoslovakian origin using a Tatra 815 VP31 29 265 8x8.1R chassis. Series production began in 1979 and a total of 858 units were produced. The range is 18.7 km, with the new DN1CZ ammunition 25.5 km. Rate of fire is 4 rounds per minute. After the breakup of Czechoslovakia, development took place in Slovakia in the form of self-propelled howitzers Zuzana 2000 and Zuzana 2, in the Czech Republic in the form of self-propelled howitzers Dana M1/M1M, Dana M2 and DITA.

13 ShKH vz.77 Dana self-propelled howitzers were delivered to Ukraine in the spring of 2022 from the warehouses of the Czech army. Other howitzers were apparently delivered to Ukraine by Czech companies such as STV Group or Excalibur Army. The howitzer is used by the Ukrainian 110th Independent Mechanized Brigade, which has been defending Avdiivka for almost two years.

152mm ShKH Dana-M2 SpGH

The Dana M2 is a modernization of the legendary ShKH vz.77 Dana with the aim of extending the life cycle and increasing combat capabilities. The howitzer received a new cabin with ballistic protection according to STANAG 4569 level 1, new air conditioning, heating and filter ventilation, completely digital FCS, internal and external communication systems, control and diagnostic system, inertial navigation system, GPS satellite navigation system. The air-cooled twelve-cylinder Tatra T3-930 engine with a power of 265 kW was also modernized, the original pair of turbochargers was replaced by one with a compressed air intercooler. The hydraulic control of the fuel supply is now replaced by an electronically controlled one. Modifications and improvements have been made to the intake and exhaust pipes, as well as the fuel and air filtration system. Dana also received a new SACHS MFZ 430 clutch and a modernized Tatra-Norgren semi-automatic gearbox and a new Tatra additional gearbox.

Originally, in 2017, 33 ShKH vz.77 Dana of the Czech Army were to be modernized to the Dana M2 standard, but the contract was canceled and the army instead purchased 52 Caesar 8x8 CZ self-propelled howitzers (after the invasion of Ukraine, the order was increased to 62 howitzers). Poland was also supposed to upgrade its ShKH vz.77 Dana to the Dana M2 standard (referred to as Dana-M in Poland), but so far only 3 howitzers have been delivered and more will probably not follow.

In November 2018, Ukrspecexport concluded a contract with Excalibur Army for the supply of 66 Dana M2 self-propelled howitzers, but due to lack of funds, the order was eventually reduced to 26 howitzers. The Dana M2 was originally supposed to replace the 152mm towed D-20 howitzer in the Ukrainian army. Subsequently, at the turn of April and May 2021, the Ukrainian army conducted military tests of the Dana M2 howitzer, when the main emphasis during the tests was on taking a firing position at a previously unknown location, followed by immediate firing at a target at a distance of 18 km. During the tests, more than 40 seconds never passed from arriving at the firing position to starting fire. The subsequent exit from the firing position took 32 to 43 seconds. It was the first time that a foreign company of the defense industry submitted its product to the tests of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.

The contract for the supply of 26 DANA-M2 howitzers was finally finalized only after the outbreak of the Russian invasion in February 2022, and deliveries of serial howitzers allegedly began already in the summer of 2022. However, only now, in December 2023, we saw visual confirmation of the howitzers in Ukraine - specifically in the armament of the 56th Separate Mariupol Mechanized Brigade.

122mm RM-70 MLRS

The RM-70 is a 122mm Multiple Launch Rocket System, on a modified Tatra 813 Kolos 8x8 chassis, based on the Soviet BM-21 Grad. Konštrukta Trenčín was responsible for the development and production of the prototype, serial production took place from 1971 to 1989 in Dubnica nad Váhom, a total of 830 were produced (430 for ČSLA).

The vehicle is powered by a twelve-cylinder air-cooled Tatra T-930-17 engine with an output of 184 kW. Behind the armored cabin, in addition to the 40-tube launcher, there is another 40 rockets, which can be reloaded very quickly thanks to the reloading mechanism. In addition to the original Soviet 9M22 and 9M28 missiles, the RM-70 can also use domestic JROF rockets with a range of 20.75 km, JROF-K with a range of 11 km, Trnovnik with a range of 17.5 km which carries 63 HEAT-bomblets, a Kuše carrying 5 PPMI-S1 anti-personnel mines or Križna-R with a range of 19.45 km with four PTMI-D anti-tank mines. RM-70s were also often equipped with a BZ-T dozer blade for digging a trench/fire position, or with an SSP 1000 snow plow.

The Czech Republic sent a total of 12 RM-70 MLRS from its warehouses to Ukraine, which arrived on the battlefield already in April 2022 and immediately joined the fight against the Russian occupiers. In addition, other RM-70s from the stocks of Czech companies, such as STV Group, were sent to Ukraine. The Czechs bought one RM-70 (named Přemysl) and 365 rockets for the Ukrainian Army, as part of the @DarPutinovi initiative. The RM-70s currently serve primarily with the 110th Separate Mechanized Brigade and help defend Avdiivka.

122mm RM-70 Vampire 4D MLRS

Vampire 4D is an upgrade of the old RM-70 from Excalibur Army. The Tatra 813 chassis has been replaced by a new Tatra 815-7T3RC1 8x8.1R. It is powered by a Tatra T3C-928-90 300kW air-cooled eight-cylinder engine, whose power is transmitted by a Tatra 14TS 210N transmission with a Tatra Norgen semi-automatic shifting system and a Tatra 2.30TRS auxiliary gearbox. Other main modernisation features are the navigation system with GPS/INS and the fire control system with ballistic computer. The control of the launcher is electric or can be done manually.

Like the original RM-70, it carries 40 more rockets behind the cab, which can be quickly reloaded thanks to a reloading mechanism. It can fire Soviet 9M22 and 9M28 missiles, Czech-made missiles (e.g. JROF), as well as modern missiles with a range of over 40km (e.g. G-2000). The Vampire can have several types of cabins - Tatra soft cab, armoured cabs from TDV, or armoured PUMA cabs from EA.

The RM-70 Vampire is supplied to Ukraine by Excalibur Army. We have seen one (apparently prototype) with a soft cab serving with the 10th Edelweiss Independent Mountain Assault Brigade, at least one with an armoured cab from TDV serving with the 61st Independent Mechanised Brigade, and several with a PUMA armoured cab serving with the 55th Independent Artillery Brigade.

122mm BM-21MT Striga MLRS

The BM-21MT Striga is an upgrade of the old BM-21 Grad by Excalibur Army. It is the smaller brother of the RM-70 Vampire 4D, with the original Ural chassis replaced by a new Tatra 815-7T3R21 4x4.1R chassis. Like the Vampire, it has a navigation system with GPS/INS and a fire control system with ballistic computer, but lacks another 40 rockets and the reloading mechanism.

The Striga is powered by a Tatra T3C-928-81 270kW eight-cylinder air-cooled engine, whose power is transmitted by a Tatra 14TS 210N transmission with a Tatra Norgen semi-automatic shifting system and a Tatra 2.30TRS auxiliary gearbox.

One prototype unit was apparently delivered to Ukraine along with other EA equipment at the beginning of the war. The Striga is currently in service with the 61st Independent Mechanized Steppe Brigade.

MR-2 Viktor

It is a simple anti-aircraft/C-UAS system from Excalibur Army, designed mainly to hunt Russian suicide drones of Iranian origin Shahed-131/136 (Geran-2). It is a modified 14.5x114mm ZPU-2 with day and night sights on a Toyota Land Cruiser HJX79 chassis. The Victor can also conduct direct fire and, thanks to its powerful KPV machine guns, can take out lightly armoured vehicles such as BMP, BMD, BTR...

At least 115 MR-2 Viktors have been delivered to Ukraine, with the Netherlands paying for 100 and the Czechs contributing 15 as part of the @DarPutinovi initiative. The MR-2s are mostly in service with the Territorial Defence Forces.

9K35M Strela-10M

The 9K35M Strela-10M is a short-range mobile anti-aircraft system, built on the MT-LB chassis, designed to protect mechanized and tank units and formations from aircrafts, helicopters, cruise missiles and other at altitudes of 25 to 3,500m, at ranges up to 5,000m. Target acquisition is visual, guidance is optical/infrared. The launcher, with four containers for 9M37M missiles, is located on the roof of the hull, the other four missile containers are located in the vehicle. The driver sits on the left, the commander on the right, and the gunner/operator sits below the launcher.

The combat assets of the complex are 3 launcher vehicles 9A34M, one 9A35M, and one PU-12M command vehicle. The technical means of the complex consists of a test station, a technical dispensary, an operator trainer, a missile mass equivalent, a classroom training missile, and an operator control device.

The Czech Republic has handed over a minimum of 6 Strela-10s to Ukraine in March/April 2022. They are in the arsenal of the 57th Separate Motorized Infantry Brigade.

2K12M2 Kub-M2

The 2K12 Kub is a ground-based self-propelled tactical short-range anti-aircraft missile system designed primarily for the destruction of aircraft, helicopters and cruise missiles at low and medium altitudes ranging from 25 to 10,000m, at ranges of up to 23km. The development of the 2K12 KUB complex began in the Soviet Union in the late 1950s, and in 1967 the system was introduced into the armament of the Soviet Army and subsequently into the other armies of the Eastern Bloc.

The 2K12 KUB battery consists of a 1S91 SURN control and guidance radar on a GM-568 tracked chassis, four 2P25 vehicle launchers on a GM-578 chassis, each with three 3M9M3 missiles (for a total of 12 missiles per battery), and two 2T7 reloading vehicles on a ZIL-131 chassis, equipped with a superstructure for storing three 3M9 missiles and a 4033B hydraulic crane for handling the missiles. The technical support assets consist of a 9T22 transporter consisting of a ZIL-157KV tractor and a two-axle trailer, a 9T14 cart, a 9T31 crane on a Ural-375D chassis, a 2V7 inspection and maintenance station on a Ural-375A chassis, a 2V8 inspection and test station on a ZIL-157 chassis, a 9G22 transporter of compressed air, a UKS 400 compressor station on a ZIL-131 chassis, and an MS-1760 and MS-1761 technology set.

The Czech 2K12 Kubs were upgraded by Retia, focusing mainly on the electronic parts of the SURN control and guidance radar to the SURN CZ standard. The modernization consisted in - re-tuning to the NATO band, initialization and control of the AN/TPX-56 interrogator, digitalization, automatic ON-LINE and OFF-LINE diagnostics, calculation of instantaneous position, replacement of the original interrogator with the Mark 12 IFF system, modernization of the radar, installation of modern communication equipment, modernization of the optical channel, etc... Thanks to these modifications, the number of SURN radiolocator crew dropped from four people to three.

The transfer of two 2K12M2 Kub-M2 batteries to Ukraine was announced in August 2023 by Czech President Petr Pavel.

Primoco UAV One 150

Primoco UAV One 150 is an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for civil and military use developed and manufactured in the Czech Republic by Primoco UAV SE. The rear fuselage houses the Primoco Engine 340, a four-cylinder, four-stroke internal combustion engine with a displacement of 340 cm³ and a power output of 18.4kW (25hp), the aircraft's structure is mainly made of carbon and glass composites. The One 150 UAV has a maximum take-off weight of 150kg, a maximum payload of 30kg, combined with a flight time of up to 15 hours, a range from a ground control station of up to 200km and a total range of up to 2,000km. The aircraft is equipped with an advanced autopilot that provides control of the aircraft during day, night and in difficult weather conditions. Thanks to the autopilot and integrated radio altimeter, the drone offers fully automatic take-off and landing. The navigation system is oversized in terms of safety and in addition to the primary GPS/Glonass/Galileo navigation, it is equipped with an inertial navigation system to continue flight after failure of the primary navigation or in an environment of congestion. It received EASA Light Unmanned Certificate (LUC) in February 2022 and the manufacturer is completing certification to NATO military standards STANAG 4703.

The UAV One 150 can be equipped with day and night optical sensors, laser scanners (LIDAR), synthetic aperture radar (SAR), SIGINT and ELINT sensors, radio jamming equipment, for calibration of ILS/VOR/NDB/DME airport radio beacons, or ultra-high resolution photographic equipment.

We currently know of at least 38 drones promised for Ukraine - 6 purchased by Luxembourg (all 6 delivered), at least 14 from the Netherlands (of which 14 delivered), and 18 from Germany (of which 7 delivered). At least one has been shot down in Kherson Oblast.

The production rate is currently 8 drones per month, with production expected to increase to 300 drones per year in 2027, after the completion of the new production hall.

Věra NG - passive surveillance ESM tracker

The Věra-NG is a passive tracking system that enables the reception and processing of RL impulse signals, SSR/SSR S mode response codes, DME/TACAN signals and UHF signals. It provides information on the position and trajectory of targets, their altitude and parameters of airborne radar assets. As an independent source of air situation information, the system can also act as a control and backup system for Air Traffic Control radar systems. The system does not emit any electromagnetic energy, which makes it 'invisible', i.e. it can see without being seen. It also provides strategic ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) information for the collection, processing and evaluation of ESM data for the reference database. The manufacturer is ERA Pardubice.

Věra-NG operates in the 87.5 MHz-18 GHz frequency band, with a range of up to 400km and can track up to 200 targets at a time.

The Netherlands has purchased a total of 4 of these systems for Ukraine.

122mm 2S1 Gvozdika SPH

The 2S1 Gvozdika is a Soviet self-propelled howitzer, based on the MT-LBu multi-purpose chassis, mounting a 122 mm 2A18 howitzer.

In April 2022, a convoy of trucks carrying 122mm 2S1 Gvozdika self-propelled howitzers destined for the Ukrainian Army were spotted in Olomouc, Czech Rep. The howitzers apparently came from the Excalibur Army's warehouses.

122mm BM-21 Grad MLRS

The BM-21 Grad is a self-propelled 122 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union, based on Ural-375D chassis.

In May/June 2022, 122mm BM-21 Grad rocket launchers were purchased in Bulgaria and delivered to Ukraine via the Czech Republic.

152mm D-20 gun-howitzer

The D-20 gun-howitzer is a manually loaded, towed 152mm artillery piece, manufactured in the Soviet Union during the 1950s.

In April 2022, an unknown number of D-20 152mm towed howitzers (M1955) were purchased in Bulgaria and delivered to Ukraine via the Czech Republic.

MORUŠ

MORUŠ is a Czech EW system from the turn of the 80s and 90s on Praga V3S chassis. Informations about specs of this system were kept secret for a long time and so not much is known about it. Nowadays it is morally and performance wise obsolete - apparently it can't interfere with mobile signals, GPS or drones, only radio communication.

More detailed information than that the system was transferred to Ukraine is not known.

Tatra Trucks

Tatra supplied chassis to Ukraine before the war, for example for the RK-360MC Neptune anti-ship system, whose missiles sank the (in)famous Russian cruiser Moskva - the flagship of the Russian Black Sea Fleet. The Tatra was even to become the main truck of the Ukrainian army by the outbreak of war.
After the outbreak of the war, chassis deliveries continued and continue - Tatra Force chassis thus use Ukrainian 220mm Bureviy MLRS, or 155mm Bohdana self-propelled howitzers.

120mm mortar vz.82 PRAM-L

PRAporní Mortar (Battalion mortar) produced by ZŤS Martin, with range 250-8000m, rate of fire 10-12 rounds/min. The mortar is adapted to be transported behind a vehicle by means of a lightweight additional chassis, it can be easily and quickly dismounted from the chassis and prepared for firing.

Since the beginning of the invasion, more than 128 mortars have been delivered from the Czech Republic, most of them probably PRAM-L. The mortars are in service across the Ukrainian army, but also with the International Legion and other foreign units, such as the Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment.

RPG-75-M

Is a 68mm single-use recoilless anti-tank weapon with an effective range of 300m and a maximum range of 1000m, manufactured by ZEVETA. The cumulative penetration of the round is 300mm of perpendicular armour. The Grasshopper, as the RPG-75 is nicknamed in the Czech Republic, arrived in Ukraine apparently as part of Czech state aid in the number of 10,000 units just after the invasion began, in March 2022.

It is in armament across the Ukrainian military, much to be seen in the International Legion and other foreign units.

9K32 Strela-2

The 9K32 Strela-2 is a Soviet portable shoulder-fired short-range anti-aircraft missile with a high-explosive warhead and infrared passive guidance. The system was developed for battalion-level air defence of ground troops.

The Czech Republic donated more than 160 of these MANPADS to Ukraine in April 2022.

BOŽENA 5

The BOŽENA 5 set is a remote-controlled self-propelled demining machine intended for surface demining of anti-personnel and anti-tank mines. It is produced by the Slovak company WAY INDUSTRIES, a.s. with headquarters in Krupina, Slovakia.

Funding for one BOŽENA 5 was collected again thanks to @DarPutinovi and @Team4Ukraine1.