1/2 Huaynaputina erupted in the area we are working in 1600 with volcanic explosivity index of 6, the largest historic eruption in South America. There is tephra everywhere. Some of it has been reworking into these amazing tephra dunes! #SFUNaturalHazards#PeruvianGeology
2/2 The initial tephra fall was devastating to local communities, many being completely buried, with buildings collapsing as far away as Arequipa. Interesting taphonomy of this tephra, since even >400 years later the tephra is still being redeposited. #SFUNaturalHazards
1/2 More info on the tephra dunes. They can also form across small gullies like the one shown here. IN 2017 an unusual, intense rainfall event, triggered by el Nino, caused a lake to form behind the dam, the dame to fail and triggered a debris flow....more
2/2...which traveled down the road that was built in the stream channel. 5 people were killed. Here is video, warning it is disturbing:
That is a >400 year secondary volcanic hazard. Thanks to Rigoberto Aguilar, Ingemmet, for info and link
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On August 29 examined some active layer detachment slides Near Arch and Quill creeks, SW Yukon. Around 25-30 slides occured on August 17, the same time the Alaska Highway was blocked by debris flows. A thread of these. This is the slides near where we landed. 1/10
Landed on the deposition zone of one of the landslides and flew the drone. Helicopter indicated for scale. 2/10
This is part of Crey Ackerson’s MSc thesis supported by Kristy Kennedy from the Yukon Geological Survey. 3/10
Finally some pictures of the Koidern Landslide. Start with some aerial pictures and then some more details. Some really interesting mollards, and some have remobilized! It is a long thread as it was a really cool landslide! 1/10
Looks like several phases. Initial failure crossed the small valley and then turned the corner. Then remobilization with a more fluid flow down the valley, blocking the larger stream. Then a smaller failure from the headscarp, where we first landed the helicopter. 2/10
Margin of the slide with lots of mollards. Nice streaking of the bedrock. 3/10
Spent a beautiful Friday at Point Grey (aka Wreck Beach) looking at the stratigraphy. He we have two advance sub-units below the till. The lower is interstratified sand and silt with peats, with ages from 26-24 ka, the upper, cross stratified sand. 1/
These advance sediments are called Quadra Sands and some diatoms in the lower sub-unit sediments indicate marine incursion. The upper sands show tidal influence. With eustatic sea level at this time, indicates >100 m of isostatic depression! 2/
The accumulation of ~70 m of Quadra sands indicates significant accommodation space. The two sub-units are exposed all along the escarpment. 3/
Friday’s Seymour valley fieldtrip examined the stratigraphy of the thick valley fill. The base is 42-29 ka MIS 3 gravel, sand and peat, indicating warmest climate at the base and progressively cooler to the top. 1/9
The MIS 2 Fraser Glaciation, has two advance stades. These are advance glaciolacustrine sediments of the older Coquitlam Stade, a mix of laminated to finely bedded silt and sand and diamicton. 2/9
Indicates ice blocked the mouth of the Seymour valley, forming this lake. There is wood in these advance sediments, dating to around 21 ka. Implies there is a spruce-fir forest in the area as ice advanced. 3/9