Time for another 25th Amendment § 4 thread (being that my book is now available for pre-order: tinyurl.com/y4r3xlhy). I'm seeing some tweets saying Trump wants acting secretaries in his Cabinet b/c they can't participate in a 25A4 vote. This is off-base for a few reasons. 1/7
First up, this wouldn't make sense as a presidential strategy. If acting secretaries can't vote to invoke 25A4, they also can't vote against invoking it. Without knowing how they'd vote, their non-participation is as likely to hurt Trump as it is to help him. 2/7
If the two current acting secretaries can't vote on 25A4, they aren't in the numerator but they also aren't in the denominator. In other words, if they can't vote, invoking 25A4 requires support of 7/13 from the confirmed Cabinet members instead of 8/15. No less doable. 3/7
If anything, presidents would want acting secretaries to be able to vote in 25A4 cases, because presidents can handpick acting secretaries and ensure their loyal presence more simply and directly than they can Senate-confirmed secretaries. 4/7
Finally, the very premise of the theory about Trump's supposed strategy is flawed. There is no basis to assume, as these tweeters have, that acting secretaries can't vote in 25A4 cases. The scholarly consensus for decades has been that they can vote. 5/7
In my book on 25A4 (tinyurl.com/y4r3xlhy) I call that consensus into question--it is, at best, uncertain whether acting secretaries can vote. But there are a lot of other reasons why 25A4 won't be used in the current situation. 6/7
25A4 isn't realistic now b/c the president can contest it. He has more than enough votes to win a 25A4 fight in Congress. To have any sort of chance against him, practically speaking, the Cabinet would need to be unanimous or close to it. Acting secretaries don't alter that. 7/7
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This gambit is just the latest example of why the statutory line of succession shouldn't include the Speaker.
This isn't a partisan issue; it'd be nuts to have a D Speaker in the line of succession of a R administration, and equally nuts w/ a D administration and R Speaker.
Scholar-commentators (including me) have been arguing for reform here for decades, consistently—regardless of which party was in power.
It makes no sense to have a line of succession that could change partisan control of the presidency like this in the middle of a term.
2/5
The old statute had the Sec'y of State next in line. The current law passed in 1947, favoring the Speaker b/c of a notion that it should be someone elected, not appointed.
But that rationale was demolished in 1967, when 25A2 provided for filling VP vacancies by appointment.
3/5
Thread on late-impeachment related questions asked in the trial.
Q1. Given that some pre-1787 state constitutions provided expressly for late impeachment, does the Framers' failure to do so suggest they didn't mean to allow late impeachment?
1/
A1: No pre-1787 state constitutions expressly ruled out late impeachment. Some did later—using direct language.
The Framers ruled out *other* things using direct language.
Their silence here thus does not suggest an intent to rule out late impeachment.
2/
Q2: If disqualification is not derivative of removal, is it possible to disqualify a sitting president without removing him?
A2: No. Art. II, §4 requires removal of sitting officials, separate from anything Art. I, §3 says about DQ and removal.
The article favored late impeachability, but it set out all the evidence I found on both sides--lots for them to use.
But in several places, they misrepresent what I wrote quite badly.
1/4
One odd thing they do is cite me citing other sources instead of just citing those sources (e.g., p.17 & n.47). Another more problematic thing: they suggest that I was endorsing an argument when what I actually did was note that argument--and reject it (e.g., p.21 n.57).
2/4
There are multiple examples of such flat-out misrepresentations. The worst is page 30. They write, "When a President is no longer in office, the objective of an impeachment ceases."79
N.79 starts: "Kalt at 66."
What I actually wrote on 66 (discussion continuing onto 67):