ectopic calcification, oxidative damage, infections, autoimmunity, inflammation, pain,
cardiovascular disease, & malignancy"
In other words, Vitamin D sources other than sunlight have not been proven to be effective.
It is possible that the biologic effects of Vitamin D sources other than sunlight may vary by race.
The combination of fresh air and sunlight should promote lower susceptibility to severe symptoms COVID-19 & critical illness.