(((Charles Fishman))) 💧 Profile picture
Jul 9, 2020 8 tweets 4 min read Read on X
The computers that flew Americans to the Moon 50 years ago were marvels—the smallest, fastest, most advanced computers ever.

But making them was a problem. No memory chips. No portable disk drives.

So their software was hand-woven by textile workers.

fastcompany.com/90363966/the-g…
2/ The flight computers only had 78k of memory (yes, less computing power than your microwave oven) — but every 1 and 0 in the software was an individual wire placed by a textile worker, at a Raytheon factory in Waltham, Mass.

See picture below.

#Apollo51 Image
3/ For Apollo, this combination of hand-crafting and advanced technology wasn't unusual.

The lunar rover.
The parachutes.
The spacesuits.
The heat shield.

All had hand-made elements.

(Heat shield being applied with caulk guns, below.)

fastcompany.com/90363966/the-g… Image
4/ Imagine having to hand-weave the software for an advanced computer.

Every single wire had to be perfectly positioned, or some software program didn't work. It took 8 weeks to weave the software for one computer.

That story is #14 in my series on Apollo from last summer.
5/ Apollo manufacturing is a classic, hidden element of the challenge of flying to the Moon.

Scientists & engineers invented solutions for all the problems of getting to the Moon—but NASA couldn't wait for the manufacturing technology to come along.

Solution? Do it by hand.
6/ Last summer, my series, '50 Days to the Moon' was an exploration of what it took to get to the Moon, for the 50th anniversary of the 1st landing.

This summer, those stories are a fresh inspiration: Ordinary Americans, rallied to a cause, can make the impossible possible.
7/ Whatever you are doing today, you are not weaving the wheels of a Moon vehicle, by hand, out of piano wire.

You are not sewing spacesuits, one meticulous stitch at a time, by hand.

(Almost all this Apollo Moon work was done by women.)

#Apollo51
fastcompany.com/90363966/the-g…
8/ The whole series, '50 Days to the Moon,' is collected @FastCompany. If you need a break, if you need a dose of Thu motivation, dip in.

The work it took to get to the Moon is astonishing. Ordinary people on Earth made it happen.

(The pieces are short.)
fastcompany.com/section/50-day… Image

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More from @cfishman

Sep 17, 2025
Here's a statistic you can put to use in your daily life.

20% of health insurance claims are denied by insurance companies—either at pre-approval, or after.

Of those, just 1% are appealed by patients or doctors.

But…when patients do appeal, 44% of claims are approved.

2 lessons.
—>
2/ Always, always, always appeal.

The health insurance companies are counting on you giving up after getting denied—and 99% of us do give up right then.

(There are actually several levels of appeal.)

And chances are nearly even-up you'll get the treatment you need, if you just ask one more time.

—>
3/ I'm reporting on someone who 'appeals' insurance rejections for a living, at a doctors practice.

She says the keys to winning an argument with the insurance company are…

• Stay on the phone. Stay on hold. Never hang up. Never accept a 'scheduled call back.'

—>
Read 16 tweets
Sep 5, 2025
Amazing @Reuters scoop:

Bill Pulte is the federal official accusing Fed Board Governor Lisa Cook of claiming 2 homes as 'primary residences.'

Pulte's father & stepmother did exactly the same thing.

Story below. Incredible punch-line in next tweet…
—>
reuters.com/world/us/bill-…
2/ Pulte's father & stepmother, Mark & Julie Pulte, claimed primary residences on homes in Michigan & Florida, in order to get real-estate tax breaks on each house.

When Reuters called Bloomfield Hills, MI, city officials to ask about the dual 'primary residence' claim, tax officials revoked the tax break that day.

—>
3/ This @Reuters scoop on Bill Pulte's own family using the same slightly dodgy — but very common — technique to get real estate benefits follows reporting yesterday from ProPublica.

Three Trump Cabinet members claim 2 primary residences as well.

propublica.org/article/trump-…
Read 4 tweets
Sep 4, 2025
The world has gotten strange, unsettling, really…wrong.

Republican politicians, led by Pres. Trump, have now forced out presidents at 5 leading US universities—top rank scholars resigning under political pressure.

• Harvard
• Penn
• Columbia
• UVA
• Northwestern

—>
2/ All in the space of 20 months.

If you're curious what creeping Hungary-style authoritarianism looks like...well: This is it.

Really…do we want Donald Trump picking who leads Harvard, Columbia, Northwestern?

Isn't that the job of boards of trustees at those schools?

—>
3/ Trump is flexing his authority and influence and 'command & control' instincts in an unlimited way during this 2nd term.

What's surprising is how often institutions we thought were granite-solid have crumpled.

—>
Read 7 tweets
Aug 6, 2025
Two satellites have changed the game in the last 10 years for farmers, scientists, oil & gas companies, other companies.

They are the OCO satellites—Orbiting Carbon Observatories.

Used daily.

The Trump Administration has ordered one destroyed, the other turned off.

Why?

—>
2/ The Trump Administration won't say why it ordered NASA to destroy the free-flying OCO-2 (launched 2014), & why it wants the instruments mounted on the space station (in 2019, OCO-3) decommissioned.

They cost minimal money to operate.

Congress has ordered them funded.

—>
3/ Companies & farmers rely on them all day, every day to make smart business decisions.

They monitor plant growth worldwide & CO2 emissions.

Wait…could that be it?

They are the only dedicated US gov't satellite operations that monitor Earth carbon emissions from space.

—>
Read 7 tweets
Jul 1, 2025
Here's how crazy, broken & deceitful our federal budget process is.

Do you like some of the sweet elements of the 'big beautiful bill'...?

>No tax on tips
> No tax on overtime
> Reduced tax on Social Security
>Tax deductible interest on new car loans

Well, not for long —>
2/ Every one of those provisions only lasts until Dec 31, 2028.

Four full tax years—2025, 26, 27, 28.

There's a touch of MAGA politics there: Look what Donald Trump gave you! It ends when he leaves the White House.

But mostly it's completely fanciful, fake 'accounting.'

—>
3/ Those provisions—no tax on tips & overtime, lower taxes on Social Security, tax deductible interest on auto loans—those changes are so expensive, if the House & Senate were to simply make them law, they raise the deficit so much, that they aren't allowed in this bill.

—>
Read 16 tweets
May 28, 2025
Here's the latest crisis at Harvard.

If you're an especially talented graduate student in STEM, you can get a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to help pay for graduate school.

These are competitive, much sought-after awards called NSF GRFPs.

—>
2/ You apply as you head to grad school. NSF awards about 4,000 a year—but each fellowship is for 3 to 5 years of funding.

The award is tuition + a small stipend to reduce the need to TA.

Students get the grants, but in practice, they go straight to universities from NSF.

—>
3/ These are prestigious. Yes, you're in to Michigan or Texas or Stanford or MIT—and top of that, you got an NSF GRFP to pay for a couple years.

They go to the top of the top grad students.

US citizens only. No international students.

What's the crisis?

—>
Read 13 tweets

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