In November 2016, I had the joy of a lifetime. Not winning the @nationalbook award for #StampedfromtheBeginning, but winning alongside John Lewis who won a National Book Award for his co-authored graphic novel, MARCH: BOOK THREE. I will never forget his acceptance speech. 1/3
I will always cherish our conversation afterwards with @likaluca. 2/3
His contribution to civil rights literature was second to none. A National Book Award and the best memoir by a Black male on the civil rights movement: WALKING WITH THE WIND.
Thank you, John Lewis, for bequeathing to humanity your treasure chest, your literature. 3/3
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African Americans are descendants of enslaved Africans in the U.S. Black Americans encompass African Americans and Black immigrants and their American-born descendants from Jamaican Americans to Nigerian Americans. Some African Americans have joined with racist White Americans like Trump to attack immigrants. I don’t think those African Americans realize that racist White Americans have historically seen us as. . .immigrants.
A thread 🧵
Most U.S. presidents from Thomas Jefferson to Abraham Lincoln supported deporting *free* African Americans out of the United States, as if we were immigrants. This policy plan was known as “colonization” in the 19th century. The American Colonization Society, which lobbied for this mass deportation of African Americans, was larger and more powerful and better funded than any abolitionist society.
During the Civil War, President Lincoln welcomed a delegation of African American men to the White House and asked them to support his mass deportation plan that had been funded by Congress. Lincoln’s successor, Pres. Andrew Johnson, claimed African Americans “are strangers to and unfamiliar with our institutions and our laws” in his his veto of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted African Americans birthright citizenship and some limited civil rights. Johnson thought African Americans “should pass through a certain probation, at the end of which, before attaining the coveted prize, they must give evidence of their fitness to receive and to exercise the rights of citizens.”
If the SCOTUS refuses to disqualify Donald Trump from running for POTUS after leading an insurrection on January 6, 2021, then it will be the latest indication that the Confederates lost the military battles but won the legal war. 1/4
The 14th Amendment, adopted in 1868, disqualifies from holding office former government officials who engaged in an insurrection against the U.S. 2/4
But as a neo-Confederate declared around that time during the war against Reconstruction, the 14th and 15th Amendments “may stand forever; but we intend. . .to make them dead letters.” 3/4
The 13th Amendment allowed slavery to continue "as a punishment for crime." #OTD in 1913, prison officers forced 12 Black men into a tiny cell for not picking cotton fast enough on a state-run prison plantation in Richmond, Texas. Eight died because they couldn't breathe. A 🧵1/
Since the 13th Amendment allowed slavery “whereof the party shall have been duly convicted,” prison farms became the new plantations to violently exploit Black labor. In 1910, almost 100% of the population on these Texas plantations were Black when 17.7% of Texans were Black. 2/
Prison plantations were a lucrative state-owned and operated business. By 1910, the majority of profits generated by the Texas prison system were from these plantations. However, they came under fire from reformers who found higher levels of abuse compared to other prisons. 3/
The racist violence of the past is ever present in the racial makeup of numerous towns across the US. On this day in 1903, after failing to lynch a Black man, a racist White mob forced the Black residents to flee Whitesboro, Texas. Today this town is less than 1% Black. A 🧵 1/
The history of many US towns is the history of the violent expulsion of Native peoples and later Black residents. Whitesboro is named after Ambrose White who fought in the Black Hawk War in 1832, when Sauk, Fox, and Kickapoo people crossed into Illinois to reclaim their land. 2/
Between 1882 and 1942, around 700 people were lynched in Texas. In 1901, someone accused Abe Wilder of assaulting a White woman in Whitesboro. Racist White terrorists kidnapped Wilber. Then, a racist mob of 1,500 White people watched Wilder be tortured and set on fire. 3/
The litigants, who have falsely framed #affirmativeaction as anti-Asian before the Supreme Court, have been silent about—or supportive of—a real anti-Asian threat in the United States: laws prohibiting Asian nationals from owning U.S. land. 1/
Nearly half of U.S. states—24 to be exact—have passed or proposed bills that would bar people of several nationalities, particularly Chinese people, from purchasing land. Some laws apply only to land near certain military installations; others ban purchases outright. 2/
The DOJ recently blocked Florida's SB-264, which would've gone into effect on July 1. The bill would restrict nationals from several "foreign countries of concern" from purchasing land. But the harshest restrictions were placed on Chinese nationals. 3/
#OTD in 1898, the US launched its invasion of Puerto Rico as part of the Spanish-American War. Ostensibly begun to help the Puerto Rican people throw off Spanish colonialism, the United States replaced Spain as colonizers. Puerto Rico remains a U.S. colony 125 years later. A 🧵1/
The Spanish-American War was an outgrowth of Cuba's war of independence against Spanish rule. U.S. economic interests, as well as "yellow journalism" that inflamed public sentiment toward Spain's wartime conduct, compelled the US to declare war on Spain on April 25, 1898. 2/
Even before the war, U.S. imperialists had their eyes set on Puerto Rico. As US Secretary of State James Blaine wrote in 1891, "There are only three places that are of value enough to be taken, that are not continental. One is Hawaii and the others are Cuba and Porto Rico.” 3/