1. It's harder to sell a course than build one: The top online schools are run by people with the largest audiences, not necessarily the best teachers. But building an audience trains you to teach.
2. Teaching follows a power law.
Like most of the Internet, there are disproportionate returns to being the best. In public schools, even the best teachers have no more than 100 students at a time. Online, the best teachers can have thousands of students.
3. In online education, there can be increasing returns to scale.
Colleges tout the benefits of small classrooms because big class sizes tend to harm the student experience. In online courses, depending on the subject, class sizes in the 1000s can enhance the student experience.
4. Come for the course, stay for the community.
Having 1000s of people in a live session at once doesn't hurt the student experience, but accepting non-serious participants does. Community strength — not information — differentiates most high-end schools.
5. Online education brands are built around courses, not schools.
When people talk about traditional education, they talk about schools like Harvard and Yale. But when they talk about online education, they talk about individual courses like AltMBA and Building a Second Brain.
6. Online schools exist on a spectrum between performance marketing and brand marketing.
Every school prioritizes either short-term sales or long-term brand building. The industry's scammy reputation comes from the creators who prioritize performance over brand.
Until now, most online education has been a passive experience with pre-recorded videos and little student-to-student interaction. For active learning schools, community building will become an essential skill.
None of these skills are hard to learn, but many are inversely correlated with each other so good online teachers are a rare breed. Those skills fall into four buckets: (1) business, (2) marketing, (3) entertainment, and (4) education.
9. Online learning demands new research.
It's no coincidence that many of the top online teachers have never taught in a real classroom. Teaching online demands a different skillset. Since the experience is so different, traditional pedagogy isn't helpful for online educators.
10. Entertainment and education
If online educators have a core insight, it's that entertainment and education are symbiotic. Most of my teachers saw them as opposites. They made learning a boring and uneventful endeavor. If online teachers do that, they'll go out of business.
11. Learning and daycare
Today, kids spend way too much time sitting down in school. By unbundling learning and daycare, online learning will change that. Kids will benefit by escaping the tyranny of boring lectures. For parents who need supervision, let's expand daycare hours.
12. Online learning lives on a spectrum between inspiration and skill-building.
On the inspiration side, you have companies like Masterclass and Marie Forleo's B-School. On the skill-building side, you ones like Lambda School who deliver a desired outcome.
Today, the industry has no norms around price discrimination. Schools sometimes offer location-specific pricing. People in countries with weak currencies have legitimate gripes with the high price points of many schools, but discounts may upset other students.
14. The Evolution of Stakeholders
When a school starts, they can focus on the satisfaction of two groups: students and employees. But as a school grows, they have to develop relationships with alumni, many of whom will become community leaders — just like a traditional college.
15. Alumni Mentors
Adding an Alumni Mentor program is one of the best decisions we've ever made. Becoming a mentor is like joining the advanced course. By helping students with small hurdles that we can't address in the main curriculum, they make the course much more intimate.
16. Micro-communities
The best part of my college experience was running multiple student groups. Online courses should replicate those with student-run interest groups. They're a fast-track for helping students teach others, become community leaders and meet like-minded people.
17. Launches
Every online course business has two core functions: marketing and teaching.
But like a see-saw, only one is happening at a time which means you need two very different skillsets to run the business. If you run a live course, you don’t teach most of the year.
18. The Three Buckets
There’s a saying in the online education industry that every product falls in one of three buckets: health, wealth, or relationships.
Once you start selling a course, you’ll realize that you need the right kind of followers to sell a course. Sometimes, those buyers will be on platforms your industry doesn’t use too.
Until now, online education has followed a “flipped classroom model” where students watch lectures at home and do the work in class. This view is short-sided. Live lectures can be galvanizing if the teachers know how to command the room and make the chat energetic.
20. The customer journey is simple
If you want to sell online products, start by sharing your best ideas with a wide audience. Then, encourage as many of them to sign up for your email list. Once they opt into your list, they’ll want to hear about your product
21. Get future students to cross your “Public to Private Bridge.”
They’ll find you on open platforms like Twitter, which give you free reach. Then make in easy for them to opt-in to private channels like an email list, where you can contact them directly.
Here’s my mini-essay.
22. Focus on a fast-changing sector of the economy that’s widely misunderstood.
Courses have small teams, so they can respond to market dynamics by evolving their curriculums faster than any institution possibly could. That’s why I teach online writing.
David Sedaris is one of the funniest writers alive.
He's sold more than 16 million books, and he's been a writer at The New Yorker for 30+ years.
What makes him different is how he finds material. Like how he worked as an elf at Macy's or picked up trash for eight hours per day in rural England. And his writing has been shaped by live reading tours, where he's learned to tell stories and make people laugh. The audience teaches him to write, and they pay to do it.
Timestamps:
0:34 Wait to publish your writing
3:07 Finding a good premise
7:57 Reading out loud to crowds
11:40 Sedaris' writing method
16:10 Become a better observer
24:35 Good people vs. good characters
30:09 Don't give your editor the 1st draft
32:56 What makes a good ending?
37:38 Rhythm, rhythm, rhythm
42:03 Finding specific details
46:46 Fiction vs. non-fiction
52:14 Stop trying so hard
53:54 Stretch the story a little
56:47 Noticing little details
1:01:34 Funny words
1:06:37 How to become a better writer?
1:10:42 Inspirations
I've shared the full conversation with David Sedaris below. If you'd rather watch the full thing on YouTube, or listen on Apple / Spotify, check out the reply tweets.
"One great detail will do the work of 50 crappy sentences."
Wright Thompson is one of the last great magazine writers in America. He's long been a writer at ESPN, and if you love sports, you've almost definitely read his work. Maybe his profile of Tiger Woods. Or maybe the one about Michael Jordan.
Some highlights:
- "When somebody says something is overwritten, it really just means that the story is underreported."
- Profiles are about figuring out what is a central complication of somebody's life and how, on a daily basis, they go about solving it.
- "All of these stories, the few good ones I've written... I think these stories are like a prayer for empathy, to try to understand each other, to understand another human being a little bit at a time. Then slowly, thread by thread, you understand yourself."
- On writing well: "One of the things that's missing is that nobody wants to hear what I have to say, which is just reps. Zen is a butt in a seat. There's no mystery. It's just reps."
- "I wish someone had told me years ago that if you're going to be a professional writer for decades, writing is not going to be about words, but it's going to be about architecture. Only when you really understand how things fit together and move can you then actually be thinking about the words."
- "All writing is trying to say something new that is true and is both specific and universal and that helps the reader understand something they didn't understand before, preferably about themselves."
And here are the timestamps:
1:50 Writer's vomit vs. writer's block
8:33 The architecture of writing
11:30 What makes for a good story?
15:57 Bringing characters to life
21:11 "The hammer"
26:26 Writing a vivid scene
33:41 How to bring places to life
39:57 Dialogue vs. quotes
45:49 The role of secondary characters
51:44 The problem with "brainstorming"
1:02:13 What makes for a great ending?
I've shared the full conversation with Wright Thompson below.
If you'd rather watch on YouTube, or listen to the full thing on Apple / Spotify, check out the reply tweets.
How I Write costs a small fortune to run, and it's thanks to @mercury that I can record all these interviews in-person.
I'll be honest: I hate Business Stuff, and when I started doing the show, just the thought of dealing with Bank Stuff filled me with dread.
But Mercury makes it easy. Their platform is intuitive while also feeling secure, and they have all kinds of little features that've made running a global team way less painful than I thought it'd be. They're worth looking into if you run a digitally-native business.
Lee Child is the man behind the Jack Reacher series. He's sold more than 200 million books, and two of his books were adapted into movies starring Tom Cruise.
How popular are his books? In the UK, his series has sold more copies than J.K Rowling did with Harry Potter on Amazon. So at this point, you basically can't talk about contemporary crime and thriller books without talking about Lee Child.
This interview is all about how he wrote that Jack Reacher series. To the best of my knowledge, it's the deepest interview he's ever done about his writing process.
Timestamps:
0:30 Writing stories in America
7:26 You don't need an outline
12:50 Writing one book per year
17:57 Why the 60s were so creative
18:56 The business of writing
23:05 The key to page-turner books
38:25 How to write good dialogue
43:15 Where to start / end a book
52:18 Writing a violent scene
56:56 Using clothes to reveal character
1:00:43 Why the UK has so many good writers
I've shared the full conversation below. If you'd rather watch on YouTube, or listen on Apple / Spotify, check out the links in the first reply tweet.
Lee Child: "In my genre, virtually everybody successful is doing it as a second phase career. They've done something prior that often requires an audience like law or journalism.
The key is that they've done a lot of reading. They've internalized the idea that there must be a structure. People are very skeptical when I say I never make a plan. I never make an outline. Every single line is improvised on the spot.
But it's not quite as naked as it sounds because I've read tens of thousands of books. So in fact, I have an enormous internal database of virtually every available plot, character type, cliffhanger, and structure. So actually I have a monster plan and outline."
Kobe Bryant spent 15 years writing every day because he wanted to become the next Walt Disney.
Now, Jimmy Soni is telling that story.
The first part of our conversation is Kobe’s secret obsession with writing. Then we got into why Michael Lewis once wrote under a pen name, why the publishing industry is broken, and why Jimmy loves writing with AI.
Highlights:
1. The world is a conspiracy designed to prevent you from writing.
2. Jimmy sees himself in a battle against that world to find four hours per day to do focused writing.
3. “I’m researching” is often an excuse not to write. People spend decades researching books they never write, and it’s a writers' job to come up with ways to get research done without falling down a black hole.
4. Using AI to write is like using a very sharp knife to cook. The tool might make it easier, but you still have to cook the meal.
5. If you can’t out-write the AI, what are you doing writing in the first-place?
6. Find a Model Book to serve as the "plaster cast" for the book you’re writing and study it obsessively. Jimmy wanted his book, “The Founders” to be like “The Everything Store” by Brad Stone, and read it more than 20 times to understand what made it so good.
7. People think that being a professional writer means going to a lot of cocktail parties. Nope... the reality is that the craft of writing involves showing up to work every day, putting away the distractions, and focusing for many, many hours. You go to bed early, you wake up early, you get your work done. Do it every day for months in a row and you’ll have a book.
8. A problem with traditional publishing is that the entire system is predicated on your book being a hit within the first two weeks. If it’s not, publishers largely give up and move onto something else.
9. What looks like a talent gap is often just a focus gap. Amateur writers severely underestimate just how much time and effort goes into great books.
10. A/B test the cover art for your book. It’s so easy, so cheap, and the saying is true: People judge a book by its cover.
11. Before Michael Lewis was “Michael Lewis,” he wrote under the pen name of Diana Bleecker because he was writing about Wall Street while working on Wall Street, and didn’t want people to know who he was.
12. Michael Lewis was an art history major at Princeton, and once recounted that a lot of Renaissance-era paintings look quite similar. But if you want to see the idiosyncrasies, look at the toenails. That’s where the artists would lose their steam or put in the most individuality, so they’re some of the most distinctive parts of the art. Many fields have an equivalent — a place where you can find hidden answers, if only you know where to look.
13. Ambition is fuel that can burn relatively clean for a little while, only to become dirty later on. Jimmy says: “For the true greats, the sustained motivation needs to come from something deeper. It needs to come from love. That’s the only sustaining force there is.”
14. Kobe built his own publishing company because he didn’t feel like the big publishing houses could deliver the level of quality he demanded.
15. Kobe once spent two weeks redesigning the barcode on one of his books because he wanted it to blend more fluidly with the back cover design (no traditional publisher would do something like this).
I've shared the full conversation with Jimmy Soni below. The first ~25 minutes are about Kobe Bryant. The rest is about a hodgepodge of other topics.
If you'd rather watch the full thing on YouTube or listen on Apple / Spotify, check out the links in the reply tweets.
Kobe Bryant started his own publishing company because he didn't think the traditional ones met his quality bar.
And he was as obsessive about publishing as he was about basketball: he once spent two weeks with his team redesigning the barcode on a book because he wanted it to more fluidly blend in with the rest of the design.
At every part of the process, he'd ask: What's the highest quality thing we can do?
Alain de Botton has written ~17 books and runs the School of Life YouTube channel, which now has almost 10 million subscribers. And this is a rare interview for him.
Some highlights:
1. A clear night sky is a challenge to everything we think we know.
2. If we really took on board what that night sky is telling us, we'd have to lie down and just question absolutely everything.
3. Writer's block is a conflict between shame and the desire for honesty.
4. The effect of mass media is to industrialize and commercialize our thinking, which leaves no room for the free thinker, the honest thinker, and the authentic thinker.
5. You've got to be attentive to your own sensations and thoughts. That's the real work of writing.
6. Every person is an incredible library of sensations but so often, particularly in the academic world, people think: “Let’s ignore ourselves as a source of data and find out what Cicero said, or what Socrates said, or what Michel Foucault said."
7. Writing can be revenge for the silenced person, which is why so many writers are meek in person but fierce on the page.
8. A work of art is the best thing you can do with your dislocation and distress, and sometimes, it’s even an alternative to losing your mind.
9. Emerson said: "In the minds of geniuses, we find our own neglected thoughts."
10. The thoughts of geniuses aren’t fundamentally different from others. It’s just that they’re able to put words to sensations we’ve long felt but couldn’t articulate.
11. Writing prompt: If there were no rules, if you couldn't fail, if no one was going to laugh, if you were going to be dead tomorrow, what would you actually do and say? How would you write, let's say? That's the thing you should write.
I've shared the full conversation with Alain de Botton below. You can watch here or on YouTube, and listen on Apple or Spotify. You'll find the links in the reply tweets.
Watch on YouTube
If we knew the complexity of the world, we'd know that we need hours and hours to process every waking minute.
George Eliot said something like: "If we were truly attentive to the mystery and complexity of things, we would hear the squirrel's heartbeat and would hear the grass grow. And we'd go mad from the multiplicity of things. We'd lose our minds."
Now that's a paraphrase but the point stands. Can you imagine what it'd be like to hear the heartbeats of squirrels? We repress those things. They're in us, but we don't pay attention to them because, if we were alive to all that's going on in the world, we'd lose ourselves.
I grew up in San Francisco, walking with my family by the Golden Gate Bridge. I still remember the thick and iconic chain railing that gave the place a sense of distinctiveness.
Now the chains are gone, and they've been replaced by a soulless metal railing that's colder than a hospital waiting room. I'm sure some bureaucrat somewhere justified it with a tidy spreadsheet, but they stripped away a little piece of San Francisco's soul in the process.
This is how a culture loses its charm: slowly, quietly... one small decision at a time.
Ok, the poet Dana Gioia explained the problem better than I ever could.
This rips: "The failure of the public sector in this nation is embodied in thousands of ugly buildings and public spaces.
These places have been built practically. They are practical and functional in every respect except in practice, since they communicate to the average person that the citizen is just a number in a game of cost efficiency and crowd control.
The experience that Americans have with walking up the steps of the Lincoln Memorial is the experience of beauty, the embodiment of our political vision of the beauty of democracy, expressed in great architecture, great sculpture, great landscaping, and great language, carved calligraphically in the very walls of the memorial.
Just look at a Depression-era post office with marble floors, carved wooden counters, brass fixtures and often an original mural. This was a vision of a beautiful society to which any citizen who entered could participate in.
Today the post office is all vinyl and plexiglass. It offers no vision but expediency. We are not citizens, but customers in a cut rate 99 cent store vision of democracy. No wonder the public doesn't believe in the government. The government seems not to believe in them as alert, intelligent, sensory human beings."