t1/ THE LOZI PEOPLE
The Lozi people, or Barotse, are found in Western Zambia.
1881- Potraits of Barotse People
t2/ Lozi are the only tribe in Zambia with a King instead of a chief.
📸1960- Litunga Mwanawina III with Queen Elizabeth.
t3/ In 1890, Barotseland became a British Protectorate after the Lochner Concession deal between Litunga Lewanika & Cecil Rhodes.
📸 Palazer between Lewanika & Lochner
t4/ In 1964, Barotseland joined Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) before independence via Barotseland Agreement.
t5/ Barotseland was once considered an independent Kingdom with it's own flag & court of arms
t6/ The administrative capital is called Lealui, and the winter capital is called Limulunga.Mongu is the political capital.
📸 Mongu Town in the 1970s
t7/ Lozi's show respect through ' Likute', whose most visible feature is hand clapping.
t8/ The Litunga is the ‘holder of the earth’ which is a literal translation of his name. All land in Barotseland belongs to the King, and his subjects are granted permission to live on the land.
📸 1893- Mission Station Sefula
t9/ KK pushed for ' One Zambia One Nation.
t10/ 1900- King Lewanika
t11/ 1884- Francois Coillard at Leshoma, Barotseland.
t12/ 1902- King Lubosi Lewanika I in London.
t14/ 1910-Barotse Police at the Victoria Falls Regatta
t15/ 1902- King Lewanikas to Bethany House School
t16/ 1916- Lewanika died on Feb 4. He was buried in an elaborate ceremony.
t17/ The Lozis celebrate the Kuomboka Ceremony annually in March or April at the end of the rainy season.
t18/ During Kuomboka, the Litunga, his Queen & som subjects move from his residence at Lealui to Limulunga.
t19/ During Kuomboka, men in red berets, leopard skins & lion manes lead the procession.
t20/ Males wear a siziba- a red, black & white skirt-, red beret (lishushu) and a waistcoat.
📸 Rupiah Banda looking resplendent.
t21/ Lozi women wear Musinsi,which consists of two skirts, a top called baki & a wrapper called chali.t
t22/ Lozi sometimes wear Ivory bangles given at different stages in life ; puberty, birth etc
t23/ During Kuomboka, the King beats the royal drum maoma. Other drums include manjabila, lishoma, mwenduko & mutanga.
t25/ Lozi foot stool.
t26/ Visit the NAYUMA MUSEAUM in Mongu opposite the Litungas Palace to learn more about the Lozi.
📸 Litungas Palace
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t1. WITCHCRAFT- FACT OR MYTH?
In many African societies, there is an ingrained belief that misfortunes are induced by
fellow human beings. Often, some family members are accused of being responsible for
inexplicable problems through witchcraft.
t2. In 1956, a study undertaken in Barotseland revealed numerous witchcraft practices, murder, divination, cannibalism and yielded witchcraft objects. These included 'Kaliloze' guns originally made of wood or human limb bone.
t3- ' Kaliloze' are believed to have been used by the Mawiko
people (Mbunda, Luvale, Chokwe and Luchazi) against witches. To operate, they were loaded with powder and some medicine and were fired at the sun.
t1/ THE BEMBA PEOPLE
The Bemba came to Zambia during the great Bantu migrations of the 16th & 17th centuries.
📸 1910- Bemba tribesmen after harvesting mahogany hardwood .
t2/ The collection of ethnicities known as Bemba have a ruling class called Abena Ng'andu. This clan traces its ancestry to Mbemba Nshinga (aka Nzinga) who ruled Kongo from 1509-1543.
Present day Bemba consists of about 40 clans.
📸 1932- Young Bemba girls
t3/ The Bemba entered Zambia by crossing the Luapula River at Chipya in the Senior Chief Matanda's Chiefdom in Mansa.
t1/ THE TONGA
The Tonga are matrilineal Bantu people living Zambia, North-Western Zimbabwe, Northern Malawi & Mozambique.
t2/ The Tonga are known to be the first Bantu people to occupy Zambezi Valley circa 1100 AD before spreading to the various countries they occupy today.
t3/ The Tonga, traditionally independent, originally recognized no powerful chiefs but the Sikatongo ,a priest, had authority.
📸 1958- Tonga after displacement from Zambezi Valley.