Hysterical reaction & dangerous attempt by Tories to try & impose Pseudo-Science of “lie-detectors” on Scotland’s independent justice system - @HumzaYousaf is right to say no to the use of 'Jeremy Kyle' polygraph tests” - A thread on use of tests 1/22 Image
John Larson invented the polygraph in 1921 as a medical student at the University of California, Berkeley and a police officer of the Berkeley Police Department in Berkeley, California
Larson was concerned that the polygraph never matured into anything beyond a “glorified stress-detector” & referred to it as “Frankenstein’s monster” also known as a “lie-detector” which he spent over 40 years combating after inventing it! -
Marston's another inventor said the inspiration for the device was his wife, Elizabeth Holloway Marston on the basis that 'When she got mad or excited, her blood pressure seemed to climb'"🙈🙈
What does it actually do? polygraph test measures changes in respiration,perspiration & heart rate. Sensors are strapped 2subject's fingers, arm & chest 2report on real-time reactions during interrogation. A spike on parameters indicates nervousness, & potentially points 2lying.
According to the American Psychological Association “Most psychologists agree that there is little evidence that polygraph tests can accurately detect lies."
What does it show then? A diagnosis of deception doesn’t necessarily mean that someone has actually lied. A polygraph test doesn’t actually detect deception directly; it only shows stress,
There's no unique physiological sign of deception. There’s no evidence whatsoever that things the polygraph measures-heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, & breathing — are linked to whether you're telling the truth or not- but don’t let the the Tories stand in the way of truth
Depending on whom you ask, the reliability of the test ranges from near-certainty to a coin toss. Despite claims of 90% validity by polygraph advocates, the National Research Council has found “no evidence of effectiveness”
What’s the problem? Many psychologists—& even police officers—contend that the test is biased toward finding liars & has a 50 percent chance of hitting a false-positive for honest people. - therefore if you are telling the truth you are likely to be penalised
In the 1998 US Supreme Court ruling on US v Scheffer it concluded “the risk of false positives is too high. ..there is simply no consensus that polygraph evidence is reliable” & ruled that passing the test cannot be seen as proof of innocence.
"Unlike other expert witnesses who testify about factual matters outside the jurors' knowledge, such as the analysis of fingerprints, ballistics, or DNA found at a crime scene, a polygraph expert can supply the jury only with another opinion."
The Supreme Court summarized their findings by stating that the use of polygraph was "little better than could be obtained by the toss of a coin!”
Imagine the scenario- a devious scheming terrorist who wants to beat the test has a 50% chance of doing so, walks free - goes on to murder innocent people in a bombing - what do the Tories & the Sun & the so called independent reviewer of Terror say then?
A polygraph test measures one thing: anxiety - surely that points to lying?
"All these physiological measures are simply associated with fear and anxiety,... people are anxious sometimes when they're telling the truth, and they can be not anxious sometimes when they're lying.
“The more practiced you are at lying,the less anxiety is associated with it." In other words, a polygraph test can sometimes be correct & sometimes be wrong- are we willing to risk lives on something that can get it so wrong ?
Polygraphs measure arousal, which can be affected by anxiety, anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), nervousness, fear, confusion, hypoglycemia, psychosis, depression, substance induced states substance withdrawal state or other emotions;
Polygraphs do not measure "lies". A polygraph cannot differentiate anxiety caused by dishonesty and anxiety caused by something else.
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) issued a report entitled "The Polygraph and Lie Detection". The NAS found that the majority of polygraph research was "unreliable, unscientific and biased"
UK Courts have never recognised the operators of such machines as properly qualified expert witnesses. This may well reflect concerns in the scientific community about the ‘pseudo-
science’ of polygraphy.
Historically, there has been an aversion to their use in the UK because of their perceived lack of reliability - they have been perceived not to work on psychopaths or sociopaths – adept at lying- what do the Tories think terrorists are?
On a final note on what the terror reviewer says - such tests are not allowed in our courts- so to conclude the Tories might want to destroy any semblance of Justice in England & Wales but they should keep their noses out of our independent & devolved system of justice Image

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More from @AamerAnwar

Nov 15, 2023
🧵1/21 Crushing defeat for @RishiSunak on Suella & Priti’s cruel flagship policy-Supreme Court rules unanimously UK Govt.’s inhumane policy of sending asylum seekers to Rwanda ‘UNLAWFUL’- not just ECHR but a no. of international treaties apply-a summary👇
🧵2/21 This Government is not above the rule of international law, as the Supreme Court unanimously dismisses the Home Secretary's appeal & upholds the Court of Appeal's conclusion that the Rwanda policy is unlawful. supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-202…
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🧵3/21-This is because there are substantial grounds for believing that asylum seekers would face a real risk of ill-treatment by reason of refoulement to their country of origin if they were removed to Rwanda. Image
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Sep 25, 2023
🧵1/8 Canada’s Parliament along with Trudeau & Zelensky gave a standing ovation to Yaroslav Hunka, a Ukrainian because he fought against the Russians in WW2, but he’d served in the Nazi’s Ukrainian 14th Waffen, aka SS Galincha. implicated in the mass murder of Jews & others
🧵2/8 Formed in 1943, SS Galichina was recruited from Galicia region in Ukraine. The unit was armed & trained by the Nazis commanded by German officers. In 1944, the division was visited by SS head Heinrich Himmler, who spoke of the soldiers’ “willingness to slaughter Poles.” Image
🧵3/8 Three months earlier, SS Galichina subunits perpetrated what is known as the Huta Pieniacka massacre, burning 500 to 1,000 Polish villagers alive. The town was razed to the ground and most of its inhabitants were murdered, including many young children. Image
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Apr 4, 2023
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1/5 🧵Queen not even buried, but Charles appoints disgraced Prince Andrew as Counsellor of State to stand in for him if he’s ill or out of UK- he was friends with rapist sex trafficker Epstein & settled a sexual assault case with £12M of our money -but don’t criticise the 👑?
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Jan 10, 2022
1/13 Put bluntly the most senior Judges in Scotland have delivered @scotgov a devastating indictment on its consultation on Legal Services Regulation Reform- essentially accusing 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿Govt of interference with the rule of law & an independent judiciary judiciary.scot/home/media-inf…
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Oct 7, 2021
1/14 -a thread - Three years ago today, the body of a 16-year-old child was found hanging in his cell at Polmont, some 72 hours after he arrived there on remand. His name was #WilliamLindsay 💔
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