Diane Swonk Profile picture
Sep 11, 2020 6 tweets 1 min read Read on X
The CPI has picked up much faster than many expected as the economy reopened. The bottlenecks at meat and poultry processing plants and jump in dairy prices in response to COVID were substantial and couldn’t come at a worse time for people losing supplements to their UI benefits
A 5.6% monthly jump in used car prices accounted for about 40% of the monthly gain in the overall CPI, but gains were broad based. What was striking were the details which revealed major break in spending patterns between wealthy work from home households and the rest of the pop
Those who can are spending more on their homes, yards, exercise equipment and music streaming subscriptions. Costs of waste management have also picked up with so many at eating at home and ordering online.
Conversely, rents and shelter costs for schooling are falling. Evictions are up, while more young adults are living at home w parents as they traverse on line options for higher education.
Medical costs slowed after surging earlier in the Summer. The higher costs of PPE and need to socially distance patients fueled year over year increases. Many offices and hospitals have complained that they are having a hard time getting parents back to work.
The Federal Reserve is betting that much of the recent uptick in inflation is transitory, especially now that the unemployed are getting much less than they were to cover costs. The biggest risk are supply shocks, which are complicate the outlook.

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More from @DianeSwonk

Jan 18
Data disruptions. The Bureau of Labor Statistics is down ~ 30% on staffing incl leadership roles. That has left them scrambled post shutdown to try to do more w/less, inc key regional survey offices closed. That has meant that tough decisions on filling gaps in the data had to be made.
The fallback is that historic prices are carried forward, which means if inflation is moving more rapidly in one direction or another, the data are understating those moves. This is especially true for the CPI.

The decisions are not political in nature but are consequential as staffing cuts…
…where made without any kind of benefit cost analysis. (Understatement.)

The result will distort our view and that of the Federal Reserve’s, notably on inflation for some time to come.

Why do we care? Because the credibility in our data is being questioned, which undermines the basic..
Read 13 tweets
Sep 25, 2025
Why do economists care about inequality in incomes and wealth?

1) Inequality tends to dampen overall economic performance. One of most immediacy effects is on consumer spending. Low-and middle-income households spend a larger percentage of each dollar that they spend….
…when more spending is in the hands of higher income households, overall spending is less than it would otherwise be.

2) Social and economic mobility drop, which leaves large swaths of untapped talent that have less access to resources to develop their talent.
3) Asset bubbles become more common, which threatens financial stability. Affluent households have more savings and can afford to take on riskier bets than low-and middle-income households. That tends to increase what is known as the reach for yield & foment asset price bubbles.🫧
Read 8 tweets
Sep 17, 2025
Powell corralled the cats & achieved an unusual amount of unity amidst a high level of uncertainty about the outlook.

The Fed cut by a quarter point, but there was only one dissent by newly appt Gov Miran, who wanted a more aggressive half percent cut.
Powell referred to the move down by a quarter point as a “risk management cut.”

One silent dissent was in the what is known as the dot plot. There was one person at the meeting who did not want any cut today.

Presidents do not usually vote in a vacuum.
That means that even if that was a voting member, they didn’t have enough support within in the meeting to cast a dissenting.

The median for the rest of the year is for two more cuts, but a lot of push back within the Fed on that; 7 of 19 participants penciled in 1 cut or less
Read 20 tweets
Sep 11, 2025
Producers prices reveal margin compression, consumer prices moving higher.

That is what the Fed forecast would happen in 2025. Proven harder to live with increases in inflation & unemployment in real time.
Goods and services both risking, with affluent households buoying travel costs.

Those out on vacation in August dropped to second lowest on record as low and middle income households curbed discretionary spending. Travel over labor day hit all time high.
Air fares snd hotel rooms regained ground lost earlier in the year.

Vehicles and vehicle repairs moving up with other big ticket goods prices. That will spillover into the cost of insurance along with last year’s hurricanes and fires at start of year.
Read 8 tweets
Aug 12, 2025
Good news. Inflation comes in as expected quit more drag from shelter costs. Rents are cooling and hotel room rates continued to plummet in July.

The sticking point is the Core CPI, which was up 0.3% but rounded to a 3.1% gain from a year ago.
That is the hottest pace for the core, which excludes the volatile food and energy components.

Why does the Fed care so much about the core. It included more things it can affect and it tends to be the best indicator of where momentum is headed, which is up for prices.
Durable goods prices increased at their fastest year over year pace since November 2022 after placing a drag on inflation much of last year and the start of this year.

The super core services, which strips out shelter and utilities, soared 0.5%, it fastest pace since January.
Read 10 tweets
Aug 1, 2025
Employment stalls out in July with huge downward revisions to previous months.

We only saw 85K jobs per month year to date, down from 168K average in 2024.

The three legs of job gains since mid 2023 - state & local, healthcare & social assistance & leisure & hospitality -….
…are down to one. Health care & social assistance, buoyed by aging demographics as opposed to a strong economy accounted for all of the job gains in July.

That is not a stable place to be.

Average hourly earnings jumped 0.3% and accelerated to 3.9%.
There was a surge in retail wages, which jumped 1.2% in July alone, its fastest pace emerging from the pandemic in July 2020.

A rise minimum wages amplified that “unseasonal jump” in retail wages. Brace for some give back in August.
Read 14 tweets

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