Marko Attila Hoare Profile picture
Sep 15, 2020 13 tweets 3 min read Read on X
The establishment of Balkan academic specialists in the West played a role in the 1990s wars that was every bit as inglorious as the role of the Western political establishment. This shameful legacy has cast a shadow over former-Yugoslavia studies in the West ever since [thread]
2) An institution such as the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES) should have been a bastion of opposition to the genocide and to the West's collusion in it, but barring one or two honourable exceptions, the silence coming from its staff was deafening.
3) Former Yugoslavia academic experts from the Titoist and pro-Chetnik wings closed ranks vs Albanian, Croat and Slovene 'separatism' and Western military intervention. See Carole Hodge’s classic text ‘The Serb lobby in the UK’ balkanwitness.glypx.com/Hodge-SerbLobb…
4) An open letter by several SSEES staff, other UK Balkan experts and genocide apologists like John Pilger and Alfred Sherman appeared in 1999 demanding an end to NATO intervention in Kosovo, and blaming the EU for encouraging BiH and Croatia to secede: quaker.org/legacy/peacewe…
5) (other signatories listed at the link below). The people dominating former-Yugoslavia studies in the West today are those who sucked up to this establishment, and who seek to keep discourse relating to the 1990s war on a very tight leash. webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache…
6) An example of their pressure: c.13 years ago, as a director of Kingston Uni's Vane Ivanovic Library, I hosted the eminent Croatian scholar Ivo Zanic to give a talk entitled 'Making people commit genocide'. My fellow director, James Ker-Lindsay, approved the talk but..
7)…after complaints from two of the Ivanovic library external board members, Stevan Pavlowitch + Dejan Djokic, who didn't want anyone talking about genocide (particularly a Croat), he then repudiated it. Pavlowitch’s father was the personal secretary of convicted war-criminal..
8)…and Chetnik mentor Slobodan Jovanovic. Pavlowitch's favourite PhD dissertation, by his own testimony, was Dejan Jovic's Great Serbian study of Yugoslavia’s break-up, which dismissed the genocide as 'private violence' + 'private revenge'. Jovic's thesis was praised also...
9)…by Eric Gordy, and his political career in Croatia is promoted by Florian Bieber. This circle rose and survives by Daytonising study of the 1990s conflict, keeping it bland and uncontroversial enough to be acceptable to the constituencies it wishes to please:
10) a) the EU political establishment; b) liberal Serbian nationalists; and c) the still-influential, unreconstructed Yugonostalgic left. All three constituencies do not want the 1990s break-up, war and genocide investigated too closely.
11) Leading members of this circle therefore play a double game, balancing between pandering to these constituencies within academia while selling themselves to the wider public as principled opponents of nationalism and atrocities ‘on all sides’.
12) Typical of this spirit is Bieber’s lament about the supposedly excessive scholarly interest in the break-up of Yugoslavia, and plea for scholars to return to studying Titoist self-management and the rise of Yugoslav identity. h-net.org/reviews/showre…
13) The resulting academic establishment encourages conformism and discourages genuine intellectual enquiry, research and discussion regarding the 1990s break-up, war and genocide. To write freely about these topics, you have to bypass the establishment. [end]

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More from @markoah

Oct 1, 2023
I've watched Boris Malagurski's 'Srpska: The Struggle for Freedom'. As genocide-denialist propaganda goes, this is a thin effort: the whole film is narration by a Serbian-Australian TV presenter. Except for Emir Kusturica, no actual Serbs or anyone else were interviewed🧵 Image
2) There's no attempt to distinguish fact from fiction by consulting proper sources. So film director Kusturica is treated as an expert; Ivo Andric's novel 'Bridge on the Drina' (00:40:30) is a source for Ottoman history; the Kosovo legend is treated as historical fact (01:24:45) Image
3) The history is sloppy, e.g. the claim (01:02:01) that the 1941 Serb uprising in Nevesinje was the first time any nation in Europe said 'No way !' to Nazi Germany, and 'the first military victories of the Soviet Union, US and Great Britain happened several years later’. Image
Read 21 tweets
Sep 24, 2023
Some people, usually HDZ BiH supporters, have suggested the 'Belgian model' as a possibility for Bosnia. In fact, the Belgian constitution recognises a single Belgian 'Nation' from which all power emanates. Belgium has no 'constituent nations', only ‘communities’.
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Belgium has a single king as head of state - not a presidency rotating between its communities. It has a federal parliament whose members of both chambers (House of Representatives + Senate) represent the entire Belgian Nation, not just those who elected them.
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Belgium is not a v. functional state and its constitution involves some parliamentary representation on ethnolinguistic basis. But Belgian model would require Serb/Croat nationalists to recognise a sovereign Bosnian Nation with a single head of state. An improvement on Dayton.
Read 4 tweets
Aug 12, 2023
'The reason that this country – along with almost every other Western nation – is facing an unmanageable influx of illegal migrants is because our way of life is the one that most people with a degree of self-respect and ambition would choose.' telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/08/1…
'The combination of democratic government and free market economics which constitutes political life in western Europe and the Anglosphere happens to be, it turns out, what most of the world’s population regards as very heaven.'
'Not just to escape from war or genocide... Not even necessarily from poverty, since many of those illegal migrants have paid a great deal of money for their passage. They flee from totalitarian or corrupt regimes which make progress and individual self-determination impossible.'
Read 4 tweets
Aug 9, 2023
Croatia in the 1990s was prey to two conflicting impulses: to resist Belgrade to establish a genuinely independent state, or to collaborate with it to partition Bosnia, with Croatia becoming Serbia's junior partner - a corrupted residue of Serbian-Croatian partnership in Yug 🧵
2) The Croat dilemma in the 1990s resembled the Serb dilemma in the 1940s, when Serbs were divided between resisters (Partisans) and collaborators (Chetniks). Great Serbia was the Serb collaborators’ goal in the 1940s, as Great Croatia was Croat collaborators' goal in the 1990s.
3) Tudjman headed the collaborationist Croat current; he was Croatia’s Draza Mihailovic. Martin Spegelj, who founded the Croatian army and represented the pro-resistance current, reports how Tudjman obstructed and sabotaged Croatian military resistance to the JNA in 1990-1991.
Read 8 tweets
Oct 15, 2022
Bosnia and Western Islamophobia 🧵. Some Bosniaks and others are attributing Western policy toward BiH, which favours anti-BiH Serb/Croat nationalists, to inherent Western Islamophobia. This is understandable, but empirically wrong and dangerous in its implications (1).
2) Post-Enlightenment policy of US/European powers was never driven by Islamophobia. UK and France defended the Ottomans vs Russia, 1854-56. Germany and Austria-Hungary supported Ottomans and their jihad in WWI. Cold War West allied to Saudis etc; armed Afghan Muslims vs USSR.
3) In the 1990s, the Western powers failed to defend Catholic Croatia in 1991 but went to war to defend Muslim Kosovars in 1999. Western appeasement of Milosevic was rooted in conservative realism (siding with established regional strongman) and the 'line of least resistance’.
Read 8 tweets

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