Paul Scharre Profile picture
Sep 17, 2020 15 tweets 3 min read Read on X
This is a convenient lie the Pentagon has told itself to excuse two decades of investing in legacy, wasting assets. It's embarrassing to see the Secretary of Defense repeat it.
From 2001 to 2008, the base (non-war) budgets of the Navy and Air Force grew 22% and 27%, respectively, adjusted for inflation.

Meanwhile, the number of combat ships and aircraft in the U.S. inventory declined by 10% for ships and nearly 20% for aircraft over the same period.
# of combat a/c went down, while the Air Force's base (non-war) budget went up in real dollars
# of combat ships went down, while the Navy's base (non-war) budget went up in real dollars
Yes, we had a lot of servicemembers fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan. Yes, we spent a whole heck of a lot of money in those wars.

But the rising tide of defense spending after 9/11 lifted all boats, including more money for things that had nothing to do with the wars.
I mean, the whole argument is ridiculous on its face. The largest defense program is the Joint Strike Fighter. That's, what, optimized for COIN/CT? The Ford class carrier -- that's for COIN/CT? Give me a break.
If we don't get to the root causes of why the DoD has failed to adapt to the suite of A2/AD capabilities that defense analysts have seen coming for 15 years, and why DoD remains over-invested in legacy, wasting assets, then will never be able to respond to the China threat.
The reality is that we have a military that is not optimized for power projection into A2/AD environments against a near-peer competitor, nor do we have one optimized for COIN/CT (which would look radically different).
We have a military optimized for re-fighting the 1991 Persian Gulf War.

Why? Because it's comfortable. It's comfortable with defense contractors. With Congress. With entrenched bureaucratic interests in the Pentagon. And it's comfortable with warfighters.
Because to actually adapt to the challenges we face, we need more than just more $$. We need to start changing how we fight. And that's uncomfortable.

DoD loves talking about widgets. Everybody gets excited about hypersonics & directed energy etc. etc.
The Services are the worst at this. They fixate on numbers, even though those are precisely the wrong metrics. The Navy wants to talk about # of ships. The Air Force # of planes. The Army # of personnel. Those are the wrong metrics for a 21st century fight.
It is far more important what is on those ships and planes and ground vehicles, how they are networked together, how they fuse and share data, how we manage C2 in contested EW environments, and how we employ intelligent networked PGMs. Everyone knows this.
DoD is doing experiments and prototyping and people are working on the CONOPs. The problem is when the rubber meets the road in spending ... we're locked in. We keep spending on the same legacy pieces of hardware. The bulk of our power projection is in short-range TACAIR. Why?
The Navy's building $13B carriers with a/c that won't be able to get to the fight. Why? Because it would have been uncomfortable for the Navy aviation community to invest in an actual UCAV that had enough legs to show up in an A2/AD environment.
Blaming the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan passes the buck. There are of reasons why DoD hasn't adapted its force to a rising China, but a lack of $$$ isn't one of them.

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More from @paul_scharre

Mar 30, 2023
@FLIxrisk has released an open letter calling for a moratorium on training large AI models more powerful than GPT-4.

Their specific proposal is vague and not very realistic, but it's a significant development nonetheless. [THREAD]

futureoflife.org/open-letter/pa…
Large AI models like ChatGPT and GPT-4 are inherently dual use.

@OpenAI's GPT-4 system card walks through several possible misuse risks, including for hacking, disinformation, and proliferation of unconventional weapons (e.g., chem/bio). cdn.openai.com/papers/gpt-4-s…
OpenAI assesses that GPT-4's cyber and chem/bio capabilities are limited today, but AI progress is discontinuous and large models frequently show emergent capabilities.

Dangerous capabilities are likely coming and we may not have much advance warning.

arxiv.org/pdf/2202.07785…
Read 10 tweets
Mar 16, 2023
In the long run, detectors will fail.

Any methods of detection can be folded into the next generation of AI.

Fakes will converge towards reality.
Watermarking will be key to distinguish fakes from reality.

Responsible actors will ensure their synthetic media is watermarked.

But not everyone will act responsibly. And generative AI is so widespread that there will be irresponsible actors.
Real media will need to adapt to prove authenticity: watermarking, metadata, chain-of-custody, etc.

Seeing is no longer believing.
Read 4 tweets
Mar 9, 2023
Data is a vital resource for machine learning. Does China have a data advantage?

Not so fast. China's alleged authoritarian advantage in data is overstated.

THREAD
China's supposed data advantage comes from its massive population (1.4 billion people!) and rapidly growing surveillance state.

The CCP is building a surveillance system unparalleled in the world.

But that doesn't necessarily translate to a data advantage.
For one, company user base matters more than national population. U.S. companies have global reach.

User base: Facebook 2.7 billion; YouTube 2+ billion; WeChat 1.2 billion.

Other than TikTok, Chinese platforms have struggled to gain a foothold outside China.
Read 11 tweets
Feb 27, 2023
China's model of AI-enabled repression is proliferating around the world, threatening human freedom.

Here's what the U.S. and other democratic nations can do to push back.
[THREAD]
latimes.com/opinion/story/…
China is building a new model of tech-enabled authoritarianism at home.

The Chinese Communist Party has deployed 500 million surveillance cameras to monitor Chinese citizens.They increasingly use AI tools like facial and gait recognition.
China is exporting its model of digital authoritarianism abroad. At least 80 countries use Chinese surveillance and policing technology.
(Map data courtsey of @SheenaGreitens. Map by @CNASdc)
Read 11 tweets
Feb 14, 2023
UFO jokes aside, I’m troubled that the U.S. military is shooting down aerial objects in U.S. airspace without positively ID’ing them first.

How long before they accidentally shoot down an aircraft?
“We don’t know what it is; shoot it down” seems like a very loose ROE for domestic U.S. airspace in peacetime
Republicans’ political point-scoring criticizing the administration for acting prudently and waiting to shoot down the first balloon was harmful ...
Read 15 tweets
Feb 14, 2023
DARPA gave me incredible access for Army of None, but there was one program they stiff-armed me on:

TRACE, a DARPA program to use deep neural nets to improve automatic target recognition.

For Four Battlegrounds, I got the scoop! [THREAD]
TRACE (Target Recognition and Adaptation in Contested Environments) was a DARPA program to improve automatic target recognition (ATR).

It was one of the first DoD programs to capitalize on the deep learning revolution. Image
TRACE used neural networks to improve automatic target recognition, which for DoD was the holy grail of game-changers from deep learning.

The fact that DARPA wouldn't talk about it only intrigued me more! Image
Read 10 tweets

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