On this day in 1952, the British colonial government in Kenya declared a state of emergency in response to the Mau Mau uprising.
During the eight-year crackdown that followed, 90,000 Kenyans were killed or injured and over one million were forcibly resettled into villages under military occupation.
The Pan-African journalist George Padmore described the British repression as “the biggest colonial war in Africa since the Boer war.”
The people of East London defeated Sir Oswald Mosley, the Blackshirts and their police protection on this day in 1936.
In what became known as the Battle of Cable Street, some 250,000 residents, trade unionists and communists banded together to halt Mosley’s fascist march into the heart of the capital’s Jewish community.
Sir Oswald Mosley was a British aristocrat and former Labour cabinet minister who founded the British Union of Fascists (BUF) after visiting Mussolini’s Italy in 1931. Amidst the depths of the Great Depression, soaring unemployment and rampant hunger, Britain’s ruling class fanned the flames of fascism to quell the threat of working-class insurrection.
On 30 September 1965, the Indonesian military, working closely with the US government, initiated a coup that would depose President Sukarno and install the brutal, 30-year dictatorship of General Suharto.
In the dark years that followed, the dictatorship massacred over a million Indonesian communists, with the CIA and US diplomats drawing up “kill lists” for the Indonesian military. The operation would become a template for the US’s regime change operations for decades to come.
In 1945, President Sukarno led Indonesia to independence from Dutch colonial rule. He championed the Non-Aligned Movement and hosted the historic Bandung Conference, a meeting of Afro-Asian states, in 1955.
On this day 65 years ago, Władysław Gomułka, leader of the socialist Polish People's Republic, announced the "1000 Schools for the Millennium" program — an ambitious plan, hatched in the ashes of WW2, to build one school for every year of Poland's existence.
When the program concluded, over 1400 new schools would be built — "for the benefit of the young generation."
The lack of schools was a burning question for post-war Poland. The country's reconstruction was accompanied by a rapid process of urbanization, and a dramatic demographic boom. In 1949-1959, over 700,000 children were born annually. By 1961, there were 74 children per classroom.
“Economic liberation will not be granted. It must be seized.” Last night, the @ProgIntl kicked off the UN General Assembly with a presentation of its Program of Action on the Construction of a New International Economic Order — going live on 22 September 2024. Stay tuned.
“The historical conjuncture in which we find ourselves requires us not only to recognize the threats of the dominant powers of the present international economic order, but also to build a new kind of power—from the bottom up.” – @adam_tooze
@adam_tooze “The rich world does not truly want incomes to converge between rich and poor, and as such, there is no choice other than total reconstruction of our global economic architecture.” – @BrankoMilan
On this day in 1973, Salvador Allende’s democratically-elected socialist government was overthrown in a military coup led by the US-backed fascist Augusto Pinochet.
Like most of Latin America, resource-rich Chile had been plagued by underdevelopment since Spanish colonisation in the 1500s.
At the turn of the 20th century, Chile was one of the world's most dependent economies, sending 75% of its exports to and receiving 50% of its imports from Britain. By 1929, the US had $400 million invested in Chile. Within 40 years, two companies alone bled Chile of $4 billion.