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Choctaw & Chickasaw Freedmen Profile picture
@ChoctawFreedmen
Sep 20, 2020 • 5 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
Did you know that the last person to surrender on the side of the Confederacy was a Cherokee slave-owner named Stand Watie? He owned a large plantation in Spavinaw Creek in the Indian Territory. #NativeHistory #CivilWar
As staunch slave owners, factions from each of the Five Slaveholding Tribes fought alongside the Confederate army. Their reasons for fighting for the Confederacy were complex, but they were motivated in part to fight for the Confederacy in order to continue owning Black slaves.
On the other hand, Black enslaved people fought for freedom from bondage by fighting with the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry Regiment on the Union side of the war.
Chickasaw and Choctaw Natives continued to own slaves after the ratification of the 13th Amendment and the Emancipation Proclamation. In fact, slaves continued to be owned in Indian Country until 1866, when the Five Slaveholding Tribes were pushed to adopt the Treaties of 1866
These treaties promised an end to enslavement in Indian Territory a year after slaves in the United States were declared free and promised Freedmen equal rights within their tribes of origin.

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More from @ChoctawFreedmen

Choctaw & Chickasaw Freedmen Profile picture
Jul 28, 2021
“The Seminole denied vaccination for COVID-19 despite the fact that we had given the money to all of the tribes, is that right?” @RepMaxineWaters

“Yes ma’am, yes ma’am, they had told IHS—gave them a list of people to not serve—to not serve them with vaccinations…” @VannMarilyn
“People died, including leaders of the Freedmen people, that’s correct.” @VannMarilyn

“I don’t know what else to say—the case is very clear.” @RepMaxineWaters @FSCDems
The full hearing can be accessed here: .
Read 4 tweets
Choctaw & Chickasaw Freedmen Profile picture
Apr 12, 2021
Something that isn’t talked about enough in the context of the Five Slaveholding Tribes is how—because slave-owning Native women stopped performing hard labor—many Native people had to be retaught their Native practices and cultural traditions from the Black slaves they owned.
A potent example is traditional herding and shearling practices, as well as spinning and weaving practices. As Native slave-owners saw hard labor as slaves’ work and stopped engaging in these practices, they actually had to be taught many tribal traditions from their slaves.
This is why it’s so upsetting when white Natives question the cultural impact of Freedmen. Our ancestors were the ones doing all of the labor to create traditional arts and crafts during the antebellum period while their masters and mistresses observed and abused them.
Read 4 tweets
Choctaw & Chickasaw Freedmen Profile picture
Mar 16, 2021
“But when she showed up at the Indian Health Service clinic in Wewoka, the capital of the Seminole Nation, staffers refused to give her a shot. They told her that she wasn’t eligible because her tribal ID card identifies her as a Freedman,” @josephvlee
google.com/amp/s/www.buzz…
“a Seminole citizen who is a descendant of enslaved Black people. When she demanded answers, staffers called over a tribal police officer. ‘It’s a terrible day to find out that your own people will let you die,’ said Osborne-Sampson, who sits on the Seminole Nation’s tribal”
“council. While tribal leaders and the Indian Health Service have been hailed for successfully rolling out COVID vaccines across the country, Osborne-Sampson is one of six Freedmen who told BuzzFeed News that the Seminole Nation has denied them vaccines, health services, and”
Read 13 tweets
Choctaw & Chickasaw Freedmen Profile picture
Feb 1, 2021
#BlackHistoryMonth Spotlight of #BlackSeminole John Horse (Juan Cavallo/Caballo). John Horse is best known for bravely escaping an “impenetrable” and “inescapable” St. Augustine fort, and for uniting Seminoles in the Second Seminole War. He and other Seminoles beat the US army.
Black and non-Black Seminoles were decimating the US Army, so the US Army presented a false flag of truce to Seminole Chief Osceola, and under this false truce, the US Army kidnapped Osceola and some of his closest confidants, including Juan Cavallo (John Horse), his translator.
They locked them into Fort Marion (Castillo de San Marcos) in St Augustine, FL. This fort was considered impenetrable and unbreachable. However, John Horse and Wildcat, the son of a Seminole Chief, united and escaped from the inescapable fort. John Horse and Wildcat then united
Read 22 tweets
Choctaw & Chickasaw Freedmen Profile picture
Jan 30, 2021
Just because someone’s family lived as a legally white person for generations, it does not mean that they are not Indigenous. Non-Black members of the Five Slaveholding Tribes we’re legally reclassified as white in 1908 and we’re legally treated that way for generations.
Does this mean all of our non-Black members are not actually Native? Of course not! Their reclassification as white Americans was part of settler colonialism and was a central part of redistributing land and creating anti-Black legal codes.
Freedmen were also reclassified legally as “Negro/Black,” no matter what languages they spoke, their parentage, etc. This doesn’t mean our ancestors were “pretendians” nor does it mean we—their descendants are either. The point of allotment & Jim Crow was to erase our Indigeneity
Read 5 tweets
Choctaw & Chickasaw Freedmen Profile picture
Jan 11, 2021
In this video @EliGrayson8, @MvskokeRez citizen, breaks down why he supports Deb Haaland’s nomination & believes that she must acknowledge Freedmen on record. He emphasizes the importance of acknowledging Freedmen & McGirt to uphold sovereignty & treaties.
“I am not in opposition to Deb Haaland’s nomination... because she is going to be the first Indigenous person to head the Department of Interior, she should be the first one to step in and do what’s right by the Freedmen because the treaties are important”
Sign our petition that calls on @DebHaalandNM to publicly support the 1866 Treaty rights of Freedmen of the Five Tribes in her position as Secretary of the Interior.
Read 4 tweets

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