Michael Pettis Profile picture
Sep 24, 2020 5 tweets 1 min read Read on X
1/5
For years I have been arguing that as long as total foreign portfolio inflows were low, they wouldn’t matter much to Chinese financial stability, but as they rose they would become increasingly destabilizing. Although I still don’t think the total...

scmp.com/economy/china-…
2/5
amount of inflows have yet reached a danger point, they have risen so dramatically in the past year that I expect that within a year or two they might become problematic.

It seems that Beijing is starting to recognize the risks. As this very good SCMP article...
3/5
puts it, “The rapid strengthening of the yuan exchange rate in recent weeks has triggered a debate in China about whether Beijing’s recent moves to open up its domestic financial markets to more foreign investment might have resulted in an unwelcome wave of...
4/5
speculative ‘hot money’ inflows that could result in imported inflation and asset bubbles.”

While local markets are clearly suffering from excess liquidity, speculation, and asset price bubbles, I think it is a little premature to blame this on foreign...
5/5
inflows. Still, I think this debate about allowing unfettered foreign financial inflows is only going to intensify over the next year. Whatever the outcome, I think it will be hard for Beijing to pull back without undermining local credibility.

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More from @michaelxpettis

Apr 20
1/15
Foreign ministry spokesperson Li Jian says that the U.S. "overcapacity" narrative is a very blunt US policy tool whose purpose is to undermine Chinese industry. He isn't completely wrong: there is a lot of confusion over what "overcapacity" means.

english.news.cn/20240420/3e344…
2/15
China's domination of certain industrial sectors, for example, isn't in itself overcapacity. As Li noted, "The US exports 80% of its chips, especially advanced chips, and is a large exporter of pork and agricultural products. Is that 'overcapacity' according to US logic?"
3/15
A week earlier vice finance minister Liao Min said something similar – "the so-called 'overcapacity' is a manifestation of the market mechanism at work, where supply-demand imbalance is often the norm".

But the two sides are talking at cross purposes.
Read 15 tweets
Apr 18
1/8
Although Russell Napier is right to identify China's high and soaring debt as a major problem for the economy, he then says: "China needs to not just reflate its economy but to inflate away its debts."

via @ftft.com/content/9f4005…
2/8
That would be a terrible mistake, and I think the PBoC understands why.

You cannot just "inflate away" debt. Inflation is just a mechanism for resolving debt by passing on the costs to net monetary savers.
3/8
In China's case, businesses, SOEs and the government are net borrowers, while households are high net savers. Inflating away the debt simply means forcing household savers to subsidize businesses, SOEs and borrowers.
Read 8 tweets
Apr 17
1/6
This NYT article shows just how confused many economists continue to be about trade. They worry that because in recent years a few economies have been implementing trade and industrial policies, this means an end to free trade and free markets.

nytimes.com/2024/04/17/bus…
2/6
This turning away from free markets, they say, will constrain future growth.

Leave aside that industrial and trade policies have often expanded growth, their worries show just how little they understand what free trade and comparative advantage mean.
3/6
The world turned away from free trade decades ago. The large, persistent surpluses that have characterized global trade since the 1980s are largely the consequences of beggar-thy-neighbor trade policies aimed at boosting domestic growth a the expense of trade partners.
Read 6 tweets
Apr 16
1/5
Chinese GDP grew by 5.3% in the first quarter of 2024, well above expectations, reinforcing concerns that GDP growth in China means something quite different than GDP growth in economies that operate under hard-budget constraints.

caixinglobal.com/2024-04-16/chi…
2/5
While most economists inside and outside China recognize that sustainable GDP growth in China requires that consumption play a stronger role in driving growth, with investment and the trade surplus playing a declining role, the opposite happened in the past three months.
3/5
Retail sales continued to lag in the first quarter, while much of the period's growth was driven by higher investment in infrastructure and (especially) manufacturing and a large trade surplus. China is still having trouble boosting domestic consumption, in other words.
Read 5 tweets
Apr 8
1/5
FT: "Japan’s central bankers and government officials say the country may finally become a “normal” economy. Companies will be able to pass on increased costs to consumers in the form of higher prices, and workers will demand better pay."

ft.com/content/88174b…
2/5
We've heard this story before, and I think there are at least two reasons to remain skeptical. First, while wage-driven growth in domestic consumption would certainly be a good thing in the medium term, in the short term it runs into the same old problem.
3/5
Manufacturing accounts for 20% of Japan's GDP (versus 16% for the world), and its international competitiveness is still partially underwritten by implicit and explicit transfers from households. Reversing those transfers, which is necessary for any revival in domestic....
Read 5 tweets
Apr 6
1/9
Good Brad Setser piece on Chinese overcapacity. I'd add that the idea overcapacity can be measured on a sector by sector basis, as in a recent Bloomberg article, shows how poorly it is understood. The problem of overcapacity is not incremental. It is systemic.
2/9
From a trade point of view, the problem is that exports are not being exchanged for imports, as they necessarily must in a system of comparative advantage, but rather to externalize the cost of excess savings and weak domestic demand.
3/9
In her brilliant 1937 essay, "Beggar-My-Neighbour Remedies For Unemployment", Joan Robinson put it this way: "When the game of beggar-my-neighbour has been played for one or two rounds, and foreign nations have stimulated their exports and cut down...

ia802806.us.archive.org/16/items/essay…
Read 9 tweets

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