Sutton argues that Takics split off from other Uto-Aztecans in 2000 BC, and invaded Los Angeles Basin in 1500 BC
Lands inhabited by Takic peoples (at time of Colombus? Cabrillo?)
Kroeber argued that Takics invaded Los Angeles Basin ~500 AD, as shown in archaeological record by appearance of bows & arrow technology from the Great Basin.
Cottonwood arrow technology appeared in what were or later became Takic areas around 1000 AD. Their neighbors to the north (Chumash) and south (Yumans) didn't have this technology.
If Takics had arrived in LA before 200 AD, their arrival would have been marked by Elko or Gypsum atlatls, if in 500 AD by the Marymount arrows, and if in 1000 AD by the Cottonwood arrows.
Takics didn't have pottery of their own, and adopted it from their southern neighbors.
Millingstone Culture didn't have many changes 1000 BC to 1000 AD.
Author believes Takics went from Mojave (Lancaster?) northern Uto-Aztecan urheimat in to southern San Joaquin Valley (Bakersfield?) in 3000 BC, then were pushed south into LA in 1500 BC. Evidence he cites makes case that Takic migration could have also been 500 AD or 1000 AD.
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Thread with excerpts from "The Other Quiet Revolution: National Identities in English Canada, 1945-71" by Jose Igartua
Author argues national identity among English-speaking Canadians died entirely in mid-20th century, and was replaced by a broader civic identity. Nonetheless there is still an English-Canadian nation that can be seen sociologically through shared culture.
90% of Canadians read at least one newspaper in 1969, compared to only 68% watching television news. Spread of opinion polling ended up restricting range of public discussion.
Thread with excerpts from "Lies of the Tutsi in Eastern Congo/Zaire. A Case Study: South Kivu (Pre-Colonial to 2018)" by John Kapapi
At the time of the 1884 Berlin Conference, what is now the eastern Congo was ruled by eight kingdoms. Rwanda had yet to be united. Per the author, Rwandan (Tutsi & Hutu) migration west of Lake Kivu was minimal at the time.
Belgians created two chiefdoms in North Kivu. One was given to Tutsi from Hunde in 1922, & other was bought from the Hunde in 1939. Conflict with Hunde led to Tutsi preferring to flee to South Kivu during the dynastic struggles following overthrow of King Rwabugiri in 1895.
In line with archaeology, western & central Iberia were populated by hunter-gatherers distinctive from those on Mediterranean coast by their higher Magdalenian ancestry. Those hunter-gatherers had a resurgence over the EEFs as elsewhere during neolithic.
Steppe ancestry in IEs was diluted by the time that they reached SW Iberia at end of third millennium, in line with other studies. However, there are signs of an Eastern Mediterranean migration to Iberia in Bronze Age or earlier:
There was substantial migration to urban areas in Portugal during the Roman period from Eastern Mediterranean and North Africa. If these samples are representative, about half of the urban population was foreign-derived. Date of the site isn't provided, but was after 100 BC.
Caesar's destructiveness around the Rhine can be seen in the palynological record around Cologne. The area was densely cultivated starting about 250 BC and reforested after 50 BC, implying depopulation for a century.
pre-modern mass migrations often had appalling death tolls. Pressure of the German Suebi on the Celt Helvetii must have been tremendous:
Tiberius withdrew Roman troops from east of the Rhine, but left a 10 km no man's land that wasn't resettled by Germans until the late first or early second centuries.