Diane Swonk Profile picture
Sep 26, 2020 8 tweets 2 min read Read on X
I remembered people who argued that record high saving rates alone were enough to carry the economy out of the COVID-recession and get us back on track in very - “V” - short period of time. What was wrong with that argument?
First and foremost, the record saving was triggered in part by record supplements and stimulus, which quickly evaporated once that support lapsed in August. It helped but not long enough to get us out of the hole that was created by an still unmitigated pandemic.
Second, saving by high-income households is being spent on luxury vehicles, boats, second homes but not in areas that bring back the jobs that were lost to fears of contagion in the service sector. Wealthy households saving from spending on services to goods.
Third, saving remains elevated but is falling because we have been unable to wrestle the virus to its knees with mitigation efforts that would allow us all to congregate in a way that would support the part of the economy that was hardest hit by the virus.
Fourth, few who argue for removing support in a pandemic seem willing to admit the scarring effects the pandemic is having on the structure of our economy. Widespread biz closures, food insecurity, homelessness, loss in educational attainment, loss of health care insurance.
The scarring includes the more than 7 million infected who now have a pre-existing condition that could have long-term consequences for their health, their ability to work and their access to health care. The Supreme Court will determine fate of coverage w pre-existing cond.
Add the headwinds of the loss in revenues for state and local governments, hospitals, education, including institutions of higher education and we are reducing the trajectory of growth for some time (years) to come.
That means it will take the economy even longer to recoup what we lost to COVID let alone what could have been. It took more than a decade for workers to attain bargaining power during last expansion. We can’t afford another delay like that. Congress: Tune out the noise and ACT.

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More from @DianeSwonk

Jan 18
Data disruptions. The Bureau of Labor Statistics is down ~ 30% on staffing incl leadership roles. That has left them scrambled post shutdown to try to do more w/less, inc key regional survey offices closed. That has meant that tough decisions on filling gaps in the data had to be made.
The fallback is that historic prices are carried forward, which means if inflation is moving more rapidly in one direction or another, the data are understating those moves. This is especially true for the CPI.

The decisions are not political in nature but are consequential as staffing cuts…
…where made without any kind of benefit cost analysis. (Understatement.)

The result will distort our view and that of the Federal Reserve’s, notably on inflation for some time to come.

Why do we care? Because the credibility in our data is being questioned, which undermines the basic..
Read 13 tweets
Sep 25, 2025
Why do economists care about inequality in incomes and wealth?

1) Inequality tends to dampen overall economic performance. One of most immediacy effects is on consumer spending. Low-and middle-income households spend a larger percentage of each dollar that they spend….
…when more spending is in the hands of higher income households, overall spending is less than it would otherwise be.

2) Social and economic mobility drop, which leaves large swaths of untapped talent that have less access to resources to develop their talent.
3) Asset bubbles become more common, which threatens financial stability. Affluent households have more savings and can afford to take on riskier bets than low-and middle-income households. That tends to increase what is known as the reach for yield & foment asset price bubbles.🫧
Read 8 tweets
Sep 17, 2025
Powell corralled the cats & achieved an unusual amount of unity amidst a high level of uncertainty about the outlook.

The Fed cut by a quarter point, but there was only one dissent by newly appt Gov Miran, who wanted a more aggressive half percent cut.
Powell referred to the move down by a quarter point as a “risk management cut.”

One silent dissent was in the what is known as the dot plot. There was one person at the meeting who did not want any cut today.

Presidents do not usually vote in a vacuum.
That means that even if that was a voting member, they didn’t have enough support within in the meeting to cast a dissenting.

The median for the rest of the year is for two more cuts, but a lot of push back within the Fed on that; 7 of 19 participants penciled in 1 cut or less
Read 20 tweets
Sep 11, 2025
Producers prices reveal margin compression, consumer prices moving higher.

That is what the Fed forecast would happen in 2025. Proven harder to live with increases in inflation & unemployment in real time.
Goods and services both risking, with affluent households buoying travel costs.

Those out on vacation in August dropped to second lowest on record as low and middle income households curbed discretionary spending. Travel over labor day hit all time high.
Air fares snd hotel rooms regained ground lost earlier in the year.

Vehicles and vehicle repairs moving up with other big ticket goods prices. That will spillover into the cost of insurance along with last year’s hurricanes and fires at start of year.
Read 8 tweets
Aug 12, 2025
Good news. Inflation comes in as expected quit more drag from shelter costs. Rents are cooling and hotel room rates continued to plummet in July.

The sticking point is the Core CPI, which was up 0.3% but rounded to a 3.1% gain from a year ago.
That is the hottest pace for the core, which excludes the volatile food and energy components.

Why does the Fed care so much about the core. It included more things it can affect and it tends to be the best indicator of where momentum is headed, which is up for prices.
Durable goods prices increased at their fastest year over year pace since November 2022 after placing a drag on inflation much of last year and the start of this year.

The super core services, which strips out shelter and utilities, soared 0.5%, it fastest pace since January.
Read 10 tweets
Aug 1, 2025
Employment stalls out in July with huge downward revisions to previous months.

We only saw 85K jobs per month year to date, down from 168K average in 2024.

The three legs of job gains since mid 2023 - state & local, healthcare & social assistance & leisure & hospitality -….
…are down to one. Health care & social assistance, buoyed by aging demographics as opposed to a strong economy accounted for all of the job gains in July.

That is not a stable place to be.

Average hourly earnings jumped 0.3% and accelerated to 3.9%.
There was a surge in retail wages, which jumped 1.2% in July alone, its fastest pace emerging from the pandemic in July 2020.

A rise minimum wages amplified that “unseasonal jump” in retail wages. Brace for some give back in August.
Read 14 tweets

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