Gareth Harney Profile picture
Sep 27, 2020 6 tweets 3 min read Read on X
1) Romans saw the home (domus) as an extension of their character and felt it important that a house match the station of its owner. The architect Vitruvius described the types of home needed for those of different status: "Men of everyday fortune do not need an entrance court..
2) "..they don't need a grand atrium or tablinum because these men fulfil their social obligations by going round to others, not having others come to them. Those who sell their own produce must have shops and stalls at their entrance..
3) "As well as shops they need store-rooms and so forth in their houses, all constructed more for keeping their produce in good condition, rather than for ornamental beauty."

(Roman shop-front reconstructed by @GBlayney)
4) "For businessmen and landowners, comfortable showy apartments must be constructed, that are secure against robbery..
5) "Men of rank that hold offices and magistracies have social obligations to their fellow-citizens and need handsomer, more roomy homes to accommodate meetings. Lofty entrance courts in regal style, spacious atriums and peristyles, extensive gardens and walks...
6) "..all these are appropriate to their dignity. They also need libraries and galleries, finished in a style similar to great public buildings, since councils, hearings and private law suits are often held in the houses of these men."

Vitruvius, On Architecture, VI.5.2

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More from @OptimoPrincipi

Apr 12
1) The massive Trier Gold Hoard: 2,516 Roman aurei coins weighing 18.5 kg, unearthed in 1993 in the cellar of a Roman administrative building of ancient Augusta Treverorum. The hoard was deposited during the Antonine Plague or 'Plague of Galen' in the late 2nd century AD.. Image
2) The gold hoard was unearthed by chance during the excavation of an underground parking garage in Trier. Sadly, hundreds of coins were stolen before the hoard could be secured by authorities, but an estimated 95% was preserved – the largest surviving Roman imperial gold hoard. Image
3) Study has shown the Trier hoard was first deposited in 167 AD at the height of the Antonine Plague: a catastrophic pandemic that may have killed upwards of 10 million people across the Roman Empire including, in all likelihood, the Roman emperor Lucius Verus.. Image
Read 6 tweets
Apr 12
1) Cato the Younger took his own life, rather than submit to Julius Caesar, on this day in 46 BC. Seneca writes:

'Cato drove the sword into his sacred breast, but the wound was not well aimed or mortal. I am inclined to think there was good reason for this... Image
2) 'The gods were not satisfied with seeing Cato die once. His courage was kept in action and recalled to the stage, so that it might be displayed even more powerfully – for it needs a greater mind to return a second time to death... Image
3) 'Cato therefore reached into himself and tore out his own vitals, and with that one hand cleared for himself a broad path to freedom. Men are raised to the level of the gods by such a death, which even their worst enemies cannot help but admire.'

- Seneca, Of Providence, 2.Image
Read 4 tweets
Mar 24
1) An extraordinary Roman bust thought to represent Mark Antony, carved in rare Egyptian basanite from the Wadi Hammamat quarries in the Eastern Desert – among the most highly prized stones used in ancient sculpture, known for replicating the metallic appearance of aged bronze.. Image
2) The commanding late-Republican portrait was discovered near the Egyptian city of Alexandria in around 1780, where Mark Antony was based with Cleopatra in their final years waging war against Octavian.. Image
3) Though the identification of Mark Antony cannot be certain, the robust features, prominent chin, and aquiline nose do resemble Antony's appearance on coinage; here compared to a denarius from my collection. Basanite stone was also reserved for the most important sitters..
Image
Image
Read 6 tweets
Mar 15
1) Having taken a leading role in the assassination of Julius Caesar on this day in 44 BC, aided by as many as sixty fellow conspirators, Brutus would commemorate the events of the Ides of March with this, the most infamous and enigmatic of all coins from the ancient world... Image
2) The coin shows the weapons and the motive of the assassins, with two daggers flanking a pileus cap of liberty, placed on the heads of those being freed from slavery. The blades of the Liberatores had, in the eyes of Brutus, released the Republic from a tyrant's stranglehold..Image
3) Rather than a lone dagger, the coin depicts a pair of blades that viewers would have most likely understood to represent the weapons of both Marcus Junius Brutus and his fellow assassin, Gaius Cassius Longinus – now the leaders of the Republican cause in the East. Image
Read 12 tweets
Mar 12
1) Climbing the 124 steps to the Basilica of Santa Maria in Ara Coeli 'the Altar of Heaven' – especially hallowed ground for Roman coin enthusiasts, as the most probable site of the Temple of Juno Moneta, where for much of Rome's history the coins of state were struck into being. Image
2) Legend said that during the Gallic siege of Rome in 390 BC, the sacred geese of Juno honked the alarm when they spotted some sneaky Gauls scaling this northern spur of the Capitoline. Juno Moneta 'the Warner' would thereafter be worshipped in a temple on the lofty citadel..Image
3) The temple-workshop of Juno Moneta would soon become the home of the Roman Republic's mint, with Juno as protectress of the wealth of the state. Through Moneta, the Latin verb monere 'to warn' therefore gave us our modern word 'money' ..and me the title of my upcoming book!Image
Read 8 tweets
Feb 12
1) On 10 May 1889, a pair of marble sarcophagi were unearthed on the banks of the Tiber during construction of Rome's Palace of Justice. Concerned the contents of the graves might be destroyed during transport to the Capitoline, archaeologists chose to open the coffins on site... Image
2) Two days later, a large crowd of curious Romans gathered to witness the opening of the sarcophagi. Deep in the construction pit, the famed archaeologist Rodolfo Lanciani gave permission for his assistants to cut the clamps sealing the first coffin and pull aside the lid... Image
3) The workmen and onlookers closest to the marble coffin jumped back in astonishment at the sight before them. The sarcophagus was filled with Tiber water that over time had filtered in through the tiniest gap under the lid, and through the veil of clear water they gazed upon... Image
Read 19 tweets

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