@elonmusk Great question! It’s more complex question and depends on why the test is being used - ie: do you want to know if you are currently contagious/risky to others or if you have any remnants of RNA? The difference may sound trivial but it is massive
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@elonmusk If the question is "Am I currently infectious right now when the swab is collected" then on *most* instruments/labs, data suggests a Ct value somewhere around 30 or below is needed. (Different instruments/labs are different - but that's a decent generalization)...
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@elonmusk If the question is "Am I becoming infectious" then even if you have a high Ct value... say 38... then it's important to test again the next day. If you go to 28, then you better stay put, you're likely infectious for the next 5-8 days or so...
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@elonmusk If you stay at ~38 or you went from 32 to 35 or something over a 24 hour period - then most likely you are recovering from infection and no longer infectious. Some people stay positive after infection with Cts in mid-upper 30's for weeks/months.
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@elonmusk If want to know if one is a danger to others RIGHT NOW... a rapid antigen test can be your best friend. If positive, immediately confirm with a second *different* rapid test (antigen / lamp / isothermal) or get a PCR - but it has a long turnaround time so not as useful.
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@elonmusk If you just want to know the question that doctors often ask: "Do I have evidence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection" then look for the RNA with a PCR test or PCR-like test. In this case, a Ct value <40 is usually considered reliable on most tests for "Do I have any virus RNA in me"..
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@elonmusk If you actually get a result with a Ct value of 40 though... that's really REALLY low... and can be a false positive. Many labs/tests have decided to use a cutoff an order of magnitude higher.... choosing a Ct value of 37 or lower to be positive.
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@elonmusk Again though - PCR is tough to interpret. It does NOT = infectious. If <30... generally = contagious-ish. <20 DEFINITELY high virus
More time is in post-infectious PCR+ stage than infectious PCR+... this is where antigen test shines. If +ve and confirmed... means contagious
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@elonmusk Finally - different labs use different tests. @AbbottNews m2000 test for example shaves off the first 10 Ct cycles when reporting. So a 24 on m2000 = 34 cycles. Other tests may use more or less efficient enzymes. But cycle per cycle, they all do a decent job at doubling per cycle
@elonmusk@elonmusk - My quick answers to your question are above. I think you'd be interested in the detailed answer. Send me a DM if you want. You're a scientist and it would be GREAT if you could help inform the world of the right answer to your question - So much confusion abounds.
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One of the most common tropes is that measles is fine & doesn’t cause damage…
This is highly inaccurate
Measles literally grows by infecting and killing memory immune cells. It causes loss to existing immunity creating vulnerabilities & acute damage that is often severe
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To discover the massive-stealth-impact measles has on immune protection against infections not associated w measles, we looked at what happened in populations after measles outbreaks swept through, decade after decade across nations…
For a number of decades, syphilis has been trending up in the U.S.
The cause isn’t singularly but likely is associated with relaxations of prevention of STIs in the context of more effective prophylaxis for HIV (PrEP). Plus general lack of awareness
When left untreated, Syphilis can have devastating consequences on human health
Luckily there is very simple treatment for it (a form of Penicillin) but it only works if you take it - and you only take it if you know you have syphilis