1/ Are RNA vaccines safe? I have gotten this question a lot lately, and it is a good question.
2/ First: RNA is messages. At any moment a human cell has 5000+ different RNA messages, and they are all temporary messages, like post-it notes that get torn up by the cells within minutes or hours after being read.
3/ Or, actually, RNA is like snapchat messages that expire. RNA vaccines do NOT become a permanent part of your body. They are temporary messages instructing cells to make one viral protein temporarily.
4/ Second, in the case of RNA COVID-19 vaccines, the RNA message is for 1 single coronavirus protein. It takes 25 different coronavirus proteins to make a coronavirus, so there is no worry about the RNA making a virus.
5/ Third, over 70,000 doses of these COVID-19 RNA vaccines have been given to people now, and the independent safety boards (not controlled by the companies) have reported no serious concerns. That’s a lot of safety data!
6/ Now, it will certainly be good to see the full safety data when the clinical trial results become public, but it looks good.
7/ Lastly, regarding these vaccines and vaccines in general, “safe" does not mean the same thing as “did not hurt at all” or “no fever” for a little while. The immune system tends to only remember things that hurt somewhat. Not unlike going to the gym and getting exercise
8/ and really sore muscles; a bit of pain can be a positive sign that good things are happening. Sometimes you have to earn your immunity, just like you have to earn those biceps you wanted so bad. 😀
9/ An immunization is probably going to hurt some, and that’s generally a good sign. You are earning your immunity.
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
Our new paper is out showing T cell responses to the Novavax vaccine, studying Novavax vaccine clinical trial participants, led by the outstanding Dr. @CModerbacher! With a nice commentary article by @PC_immuno . 🧵
The brand newly approved COVID boosters are going to work well. They won’t be a game changer—won’t prevent all infections—but are the best booster option and will provide a lot of protection.
It’s the immunity you want heading into the Fall and winter.
The Omicron booster vaxs are clearly safe. Billions of Covid mRNA vax doses have been given, with excellent safety. Regarding the new “bivalent” boosters, there was a 2021 bivalent COVID booster vax human trial…
Wonderful workshop on Vaccine Durability questions today and yesterday with NIAID. Thanks to my session co-chair @TheBcellArtist, and the awesome panelists. There was intensive and wonderful discussion, and we did make several recommendations 👇🏼
The awesome panelists were @deeptabhattacha@KingLabIPD, Rama Amara, Kanta Subbarao, and Chris Chiu (are they on Twitter?)
The rapid fire recommendations at the end of the discussion:
What kind of studies that would bring us closer to addressing some of the knowledge gaps in engineering durable vaccine immune responses?
We provided the 2x Novavax immunized donor samples, which we extensively compared to mRNA and J&J vaccines for immune memory antibodies, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and memory B cells in a recent paper sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
And it is good to see a new preprint from Penny Moore and colleagues with similar Novavax Omicron data.
What parts of the immune system are protecting you against COVID? Immunology is complicated, so here's a graphic to try and explain it.
Layered defenses against SARS-CoV-2, or the “Swiss cheese” model of immunity.
Multiple types of adaptive immunity with diverse mechanisms likely provide layers of defense against COVID-19. Conceptually, these are like a “Swiss cheese model”: even though each layer is imperfect, together they keep the pathogen from breaching all layers of defense.
The graphic was inspired by the fantastic masking and public health layered defenses Swiss cheese model of @MackayIM.