Munchausen syndrome (or factitious disorder) is a disorder where a person fakes illness. The name comes from Rudolf Erich Raspe’s 1785 fictional character Baron Munchausen - but he was based on a real person.
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Hieronymus Karl Friedrich von Münchhausen (1720-97) fought for the Russian Empire in the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739. After retiring, he became famous for his outrageous stories about his time in the army.
He wasn’t looked on so much as a liar, as a fantastic storyteller - even royalty came to listen to him. After hearing him, Raspe (who was a bit of a git all round) wrote his stories down and published them anonymously in England.
The poet Gottfried August Bürger (1747-1894) translated the work & added another 8 stories. Eventually, Raspe’s book was published in German under the title...
“Marvelous Travels on Water and Land: The Campaigns and Comical Adventures of the Baron of Münchhausen as commonly told over a bottle of wine at a table of friends”.
The books became a huge success and Münchhausen was rightly pissed off that he had been turned into a character without permission & tried to sue, but couldn’t because the work was anonymous. Raspe was only identified as the author after he died.
In 1790, Münchhausen's wife Jacobine von Dunten died. Four years later, at the age of 74, he married 17yo Bernhardine von Brunn. It’s said on their wedding night, Münchhausenwent to bed early & Von Brunn spent the night dancing with various army army officers.
Almost immediately after they married, Von Brunn said she was unwell & moved up for the the spa town of Bad Pyrmont for ‘her health’. Locals at the town said she spent most of her time partying & having fun.
9 months after arriving in the town, Von Brunn gave birth to a daughter, Maria Wilhemina. Münchhausen denied the child was his & filled for divorce.
Von Brunn has long been painted as the gold-digging, villain of the piece, but she was likely pressured into the marriage by her family. Münchhausen attracted little criticism for marrying a teenager.
Divorce was not an easy or cheap option & Münchhausen spent the last years of his life in divorce proceedings and alimony litigation.
Thanks to the books, he had became a reluctant tourist attraction & was forever moving crowds away from his house. He died alone in Bodenwerder in 1797.
PS: I have been trying to find out what happened to Von Brunn after the divorce but most of the records are in German & my GCSE German can’t translate them - so if anyone has info on her fate, do tweet it below. X
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Today is #WorldPenguinDay , so here is a story about the “astonishing depravity" and "hooligan males" of the Adélie penguins recorded in Cape Adare in 1911.
This is George Murray Levick, a scientist with the 1910-13 Scott Antarctic Expedition. He arrived at Cape Adare in 1911 & observed the penguins for a year. He was the first scientist ever to observe the breeding cycle of the penguins.
George photographed the penguins throughout. This is one of his.
I can’t believe I’ve been woken up the for this, but here we go.
1. The historian Strabo (64BCE - 24 ACE) described operations on the clitoris
2. Galen (129-126 ACE) called the clitoris “the nymph” in his “on the usefulness of the parts of the body.”
3. Soranus of Ephesus (1st century ACE) also calls it a “nymph” and describes it as “hidden underneath the labia such as young brides hide under their veil.”
4. Other ancient writers who describe the clitoris include, Caelius Aurelianus, Iianus, Albucasis, and Avicenna. They would call it a “nymph,” a “myrtleberry,” or “tongue bag.” The romans called it “landica.”
5. Although the clitoris is not mentioned in the Kama Sutra, it was in other ancient Hindu texts. The Sanskrit for clitoris is “smart-chatra,” which translates to “umbrella of the love god.” (Best. Clit. Fact. Ever.)
Wewe Gombel is a female ghost in Javanese folklore. It is said that she kidnaps children and hides them under her breasts.
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Wewe Gombel, or “Hantu Kopek" as she’s known in Malaysia, has a complicated legend. It is said that in life, she married the man of her dreams, but they never had children because she was infertile.
Her husband grew resentful and began shagging around. One day, Wewe Gombel caught her husband in bed with another woman. She flew into a rage & killed him.
July 22nd is the Feast Day of Mary Magdalene in the Christian faith. Much has been made of who Mary was, but she almost certainly wasn’t a sex worker. That story came about in 591, when Pope Gregory I got his Marys muddled.
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Mary Magdalene, (who debuts in Luke 8:2) was mixed up with with Mary of Bethany (Luke 10:39), and the anonymous "sinful woman" who washed Jesus's feet in Luke 7:36–50.
The Mary who washed Jesus’ feet had been up to naughty things & all three were conflated. To be fair, there are quite a few Marys knocking about.
Mary Carleton (1642-73) was the most infamous thief & harlot of Port Royal, Jamaica. She was said to be “A stout frigate … or else she never could have endured so many batteries & assaults … she was as common as a barber’s chair: no sooner was one out, but another was in.”
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Mary was born Mary Moders in Canterbury, England - possibly to a fiddler. There is not much that is certain about her life because she was an exceptional bullshit artist. Most of what we know about her was written in jail reports that were designed to shock, or from Mary herself.
These reports say Mary married a shoemaker called Thomas Stedman, who she eventually left to marry a surgeon called Thomas Day. Her first arrest and trial was for bigamy.
This is the legendary burlesque artist & 'vaginiste', Honeysuckle Devine. She was once described as a 'one woman slum', & had one of the most extraordinary acts in the history of burlesque.
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Honeysuckle was born Betty Allsup in Rock Island, Illinois in 1938. She was one of 14 children & described her father as a 'hillbilly, banjo-playing lumberjack.'
As a teenager she became deeply religious & at 21 she went to Philadelphia to become a postulant at the Grey Nuns of the Sacred Heart Convent