Collection of sea urchin shells, a beautiful display of five-fold symmetry in nature.
(by seagems_australia)
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There are about 950 known species of sea urchins, so this is just a sample.
Sea urchins are echinoderms (a group of animals which also includes sea stars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars and crinoids). Adult echinoderms are characterized by their radial symmetry, usually 5-point ⭐
Some examples of different species of sea urchins:
Coelopleurus granulatus, Stylocidaris amboinae, Mespilia globulus and Coelopleurus floridanus
A rare species of sea urchin from the deep waters in Western Australia, Phyllacanthus irregularis. It's been backlit to show the porous areas of the shell (know as test).
Most sea urchins have pentameral symmetry, but not all.
Here's a tetramerous species, with 4 parts, 'Heliocidaris erythrogramma' (it's been backlit to show the pattern).
All photos by @seagems_australia. Check out their Instagram, they have a very cool collection of sea urchin tests, with some rare species. Also some amazing shells 🐚💚 instagram.com/p/CMeEvt0Bs8F/…
A sea urchin from Patagonia, Arbacia dufresnii, before and after losing the spines.
Pentameral perfection
Ancient examples of the 'flower of life' pattern, dating back more than 2000 years.
Compiled by me (details below)
In chronological order:
1) Overlapping circles forming six-petal rosettes in a cosmetic wooden box, found inside a coffin in the tomb of Hatnefer, in Egypt. Dated 1492-1473 BC. The Met Museum
2) 3000-year-old spindle whorl made in Cyprus around 1340-1050 BC. British Museum
The juvenile form of the moon jellyfish usually has 8-fold symmetry. If it gets injured and loses some arms, it rearranges the remaining parts and recovers radial symmetry within a few days. So, if only 5 arms remain, it will become a pentamer.
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When injured, some marine invertebrates (such as starfish) regenerate their missing limbs. Instead of doing this, moon jellyfish reorganize their body to become symmetrical again. This unique strategy, named symmetrization, was seen for the first time in a 2015 study.
Radial symmetry in jellyfish is essential for propulsion and eating. Symmetrization has been observed with 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 arms.