Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing (1840–1902) was an Austro-German psychiatrist. He published extensively on hypnosis, criminology, and sexual behavior. He is famous for his book Psychopathia Sexualis (1886), a study of “sexual perversity,” and for his coinage of the terms
“sadism” (after the name of Marquis de Sade) and “masochism” (using the name of a contemporary writer, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, whose partially autobiographical novel Venus in Furs tells of the protagonist's desire to be whipped and enslaved by a beautiful woman).
Krafft-Ebing was both praised and condemned for his work—praised for opening up a new area of psychological study, condemned for immorality and for justifying and publicizing homosexuality.
His work, although not necessarily intentionally, laid the foundation for the “Sexual Revolution” of the later twentieth century in which sexual abstinence and the sanctity of marriage were no longer valued and promiscuity and homosexuality became popularized.
The photographs featured here are part of Krafft-Ebing’s personal collection. It is unknown where they came from or who the people featured in the photographs are, although, at least the first two photographs appear to be unusual specimens of the “French postcard” which was
so popular in the late-19th century. One assumes the photographs are linked to Krafft-Ebing’s studies, but as for how or where they were produced and procured is a mystery.
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The Killer Cabinet house, a set of rooms in a lacquered cabinet made in England in the 1830s. Victoria & Albert Museum.
This house is quite special because it is has been set up in a cabinet and not in a miniature building. Both Dutch and German influences can be seen in early English houses of the 18th century but, by and large, by the end of the 18th century the preference in England was for buildings in miniature.
The Killer cabinet house is a late example dating to the 1830s although it is probable that the furniture and furnishings are a little earlier.
Sarah Biffen (1784 – 2 October 1850), also known as Sarah Biffin, Sarah Beffin, or by her married name Mrs E. M. Wright, was a Victorian English painter born with no arms and only vestigial legs. She was 94 cm (37 in) tall. She was born in 1784 in Somerset.
Despite her disability she learned to read and write, and to paint using her mouth. She was apprenticed to a man named Dukes, who exhibited her as an attraction throughout England. In the St. Bartholomew's Fair of 1808, she came to the attention of George Douglas,
the Earl of Morton, who went on to sponsor her to receive lessons from a Royal Academy of Arts painter, William Craig. The Society of Arts awarded her a medal in 1821 for a historical miniature and the Royal Academy accepted her paintings.
Mrs Bryant's Pleasure dolls' house made in England between 1860 and 1865. Victoria & Albert Museum.
This house is not a child's plaything. It was made for a lady called Mrs Bryant in the early 1860s, who lived in a house in Surbiton called Oakenshaw.
Mrs Bryant wanted to make a miniature record of the interior of her home. The only child-related object is a child's folding chair in the drawing room.
Mrs Bryant commissioned a professional cabinet-maker to make the furniture which was made with skill and accuracy. The rooms are furnished in exactly the same way as a middle class home of the time would have been.
Dolls' house known as May Foster's House made in England, 1800. Victoria & Albert Museum.
This house was donated to the museum by the great grand-daughter of the little girl for whom the house was originally made.
This grand town house belonged to the daughters of John Foster, an ambitious and wealthy engineer who ran Liverpool docks. ‘MF’ over the door stands for May Foster, who shared the house with her sister Isabella.
Armistice Day is commemorated every year on 11 November to mark the armistice signed between the Allies of World War I and Germany at Compiègne, France at 5:45 am, for the cessation of hostilities on the Western Front of World War I
which took effect at eleven o'clock in the morning—the "eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month" of 1918.
A formal peace agreement was only reached when the Treaty of Versailles was signed the following year.
The first photographic record of an actual live medical operation. Daguerrotype portrait by Josiah Johnson Hawes & Albert Southworthlate, 1847.
The setting for this daguerreotype is the teaching amphitheater of Boston’s Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. John Collins Warren, cofounder of the hospital and professor of anatomy, stands with his hands upon the patient’s thigh, explaining the proceedings to a student
audience seated out of camera range. Dr. Solomon Davis Townsend, who performed the operation, stands behind Warren with his left arm akimbo. An unidentified anesthetist holds a sponge soaked in ether near the head of the patient who, curiously enough, still wears his socks.