Thread by @Peter_Nimitz

Early Bronze Age Greece (~3200-2600 BC) was mostly EEF in ancestry with a significant amount of CHG ancestry from Anatolian migrants. Indo-European invaders who were ~50% PIE/Steppe in ancestry invaded Greece in mid-Bronze Age ~2600-2000 BC. sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

the two pre-IE men from Greece in the early Bronze Age had Y-haplogroups of J2a (most commonly found in Georgia) and an uncommon branch of G2. isogg.org/tree/2011/ISOG…

The peoples of the Aegean of the early Bronze Age 3200-2600 were (relatively) homogenous in ancestry - mostly EEF with a significant amount of CHG ancestry. See the admixture graph under "Greece & Cyprus EMBA" - brown is EEF, cyan is CHG.

Unlike Balkans & rest of Europe, Greece & Anatolia didn't see a WHG Resurgence in Neolithic by 4000 BC. Instead there is small increase in CHG ancestry in 3000s BC. There is a large increase in CHG ancestry in Early Bronze Age 3200-2600 BC - 25% of ancestry.

Indo-European invaded Greece at some point between 2600 and 2000 BC. They mixed with their local predecessors in most areas, including the islands. Minoan areas resisted the IE invasion.

The Indo-Europeans who invaded Greece were probably from the Balkans. Anatolia has little genetic trace of Indo-European penetration in 3rd millennium BC, & the IE mid-Bronze Age samples in Greece have a lot more steppe ancestry than W Mediterranean IEs.

https://twitter.com/Peter_Nimitz/status/1233636145130401794?s=20

Myceneans of the Peloponnese in late Bronze Age had their IE ancestry diluted by mixing with local Minoan-like people. They were roughly 1/3 proto-Greek (if Logkas people were proto-Greeks) and 2/3 Minoan in ancestry.

Modern Greeks most are most closely related to the people of Logkas (northern Greece) of the Middle Bronze Age. My guess is this due Mycenean expanding increasing CHG & EEF, while Slavic invasions in Middle Ages decreased those & increased IE ancestry - not continuity from Logkas

From another paper on small increase in CHG ancestry in Greece in neolithic & major increase in CHG ancestry in early Bronze Age Greece:

https://twitter.com/Peter_Nimitz/status/1287497631531327488?s=20

I'd guess that the shift from Greek neolithic to Greek Early Bronze Age around 3200 BC involved large scale population replacement. Chalcolithic Anatolians didn't have much more CHG ancestry that Early Bronze Age Greeks did, & they are most likely source for the CHG ancestry...

Also note the proto-Hittite with Indo-European/steppe ancestry in Copper Age Anatolia (Gold is the steppe component color in this graph) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumtepe

@Irkutyanin1 @Progrockfarmer @YungSpengler @greekchungus @June_beetle you might find this thread on Neolithic and Bronze Age Greece interesting