🧵 Thread to collate some of the sources for vaccines purchases by India so far and the payments towards it. Vaccine doses in Millions, Amount in Millions and Currency INR. Let's start with the data released yesterday by MoHFW. 1/10
Second was a Letter of Comfort late Jan for Covaxin for 4.5 million doses, though 0.8 million of them was marked for Vaccine Maitri (I am taking the same rate for Covaxin as before). 3/10
Along with the Jan order, it was stated another 45 million doses of Covishield would be purchased by 31st March at the rate of Rs. 210 + GST. I cannot find a specific instance of the order, but it should have gone out before 31st March. 6/10
The update from centre early May to clarify confusion over lack of vaccine orders. Tax Deducted at Source appears to be rather high. I am taking the amount as in lakhs instead of crores. 7/10
And to round up, the reply given for an RTI on vaccine payments. The amount from PM CARES and given out by centre is mentioned in the news article ( H/t @oommen ). The calculated amount from my table is a bit lesser, hence excess shown. 8/10
India has given out vaccines to other nations via grants, commercial contracts & for Covax. It is not clear whether this has come centre's purchase. The link has relevant details. I have taken grant details & commercial export of Covaxin from that. 9/10
Finally, the investment by ICMR in funding clinical trials. I am not sure whether this has any bearing to the excess amount found in my sum-up table (Again hat tip to @oommen for the link - Pages 57 & 58). 10/10
Murad was born in 1404 to Mehmed. Mehmed was the son of Bayezid, the Ottoman Sultan who was captured by Timur in 1402. This led to a period of anarchy in the Sultanate. By 1413, Mehmed had managed to defeat his brothers and take over as Sultan of the entire Sultanate. 1/10
The Ottoman had Sultanate emerged in late 13th century after the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm was defeated by the Mongols. Many beyliks rose up in the Anatolian peninsula, one among which was ruled by the ancestors of Bayezid, Mehmed and Murad. 2/10
Rastislav was born in early 9th century. His father may have been Wistrach and his uncle Mojmír, the Duke of Moravia. Little is known about Rastislav's youth, until 846 when Franks invaded Moravia and installed Rastislav as the Duke of Moravia. 1/10
Moravia emerged as a semi independent state in Central Europe not long after the Franks had defeated the Avars in late 8th century. Moravia was not the first power in the region though. The Slavic states of Samo and of Nitra had lasted briefly during various times as well. 2/10
Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck was born in 1815 to Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand von Bismarck and Wilhelmine Luise Mencken. Hailing from Schönhausen, the Bismarcks were a prominent noble family of the Kingdom of Prussia, with connections in Pomerania. 1/10
Prussia became a kingdom in 1701, but its major part was Brandenburg in the centuries old Holy Roman Empire. Invasion by the French in early 19th century led to the dissolution of this empire, with many of its regions joining Napoleon backed Confederation of the Rhine. 2/10
Camillo Benso was born in 1810 to Michele Benso, Marquis of Cavour, and Adélaïde Suzanne de Sellon. The Bensos were prominent nobility of Savoy. Camillo also had a distinguishing French connection thanks to his mother and his godmother Pauline, sister of Emperor Napoleon. 1/10
The early 18th century saw the French under Napoleon occupy Savoy. But the Bensos managed to see through it in a favourable manner eventually. Young Camilo's career prospects improved with his appointment as page to Carlo Alberto, Prince of Carignano in 1824. 2/10
Iaroslav Vladimirovich was born around 980 to Vladimir Sviatoslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev, and Rogned of Polotsk. Vladimir was initially supposed to rule only in Novgorod, but he had taken Kiev and Dereva from his brothers by 980. 1/10
Iaroslav was given an early charge of Rostov and, later, of Novgorod by 1010. But he sought Kiev and rebelled against his father, when he saw that one of his many brothers may be given Kiev. However, Vladimir died in 1015 and his domain got divided between his sons. 2/10
Birger Magnusson was born around 1210 to Magnus "Minnesköld" Bengtsson and Ingrid Ilva. Magnus was the grandson of the powerful Scandinavian noble, Folke, while Ingrid may have been a descendant of Sverker, King of Sweden in mid 12th century. 1/10
The kingdom of Sweden claimed land on the western and eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea in the 13th century. However, the crown itself was held between two dynasties since Sverker's death in 1156; by Sverker's family and that of Erik who became king after Sverker. 2/10