56 years ago, May 21 1965, the first Vietnam Day, a 35-hour teach-in on the Vietnam War, began in Berkeley. The event was organized by the Vietnam Day Committee, a direct outgrowth of the Free Speech Movement led by activist Jerry Rubin
Some 35,000 people attended the teach-in. Anti-war speakers included Staughton Lynd, Bob Scheer, Dr. Benjamin Spock, and FSM leader Mario Savio. Despite the event's anti-war stance, it featured some speakers who supported the war, such as Cal professor Aaron Wildavsky
Vietnam Day was made possible by the gains won by the Free Speech Movement, which opened space for free political speech on campus which would have previously been barred. VDC drew links between the civil rights movement, campus struggles, and the war
Radicals, such as self-described "Castroist" Jerry Rubin, played leading roles in VDC. Also involved were the Communist Party's Du Bois Clubs, Students for a Democratic Society, Young Socialist Alliance, and Maoist organization the Progressive Labor Party
The event also featured music by folk singer Phil Ochs and jazz musician Philly Joe Jones, as well as a performance of Bertolt Brecht's "The Exception and the Rule" by the San Francisco Mime Troupe
Vietnam Day inspired similar teach-ins and protests at campuses across the country, leading to a dramatic expansion in the youth anti-war movement. It also signaled a growing militancy on the part of Berkeley activists, who would soon engage in violent confrontations over the war
Prophetically, Staughton Lynd's speech ended: "The natives here at home are restless, too. And maybe there should be a contingency plan to keep some of the Marines here to deal with us." Four years later, Berkeley would be under National Guard occupation
16 years ago, January 1 2009, BART police officer Johannes Mehserle murdered Oscar Grant III at Oakland's Fruitvale Station. Outrage over the killing and Mehserle's lenient sentence sparked the 2009 anti-police terror movement, a precursor to Occupy and Black Lives Matter
After celebrating New Year's Eve in San Francisco, Grant had been heading home to Hayward on BART. Around 2AM, a fight broke out on the train, and police were called. When they arrived, the fight had already been broken up by other passengers
Unsure who had been involved in the fight, police began violently pulling out passengers they suspected may have been, including Grant. Officer Anthony Pirone, who later lied that Grant had attacked him, punched Grant in the face, kneed him in the head, and called him the n-word
45 years ago, May 21 1979, over a dozen cop cars burned as thousands marched and rioted in San Francisco after word broke that Dan White received the most lenient verdict for murdering George Moscone and Harvey Milk. The evening would become known as the White Night riots
Once the verdict was announced several hundred gathered in the Castro to chants of "No justice, no peace" and "Out of the bars, into the streets." After a moving speech from Cleve Jones, friend and student intern of Milk, a march and candlelight vigil was led to city hall
By the time the march reached city hall, thousands had joined the crowd and new chants emerged: "Kill Dan White" and "Dump Diane." As cops arrived to city hall, many of whom had contributed to White's defense fund, the crowd began smashing windows of the hall and battling cops
56 years ago, April 18 1968, marked the end of a 3-day insurrection at the El Pueblo housing project in Pittsburg. After police arrested several Black men for shooting dice, a crowd attacked them with rocks and bottles. When reinforcements arrived, they were met with sniper fire
For those three days, police from Pittsburg, Concord, Antioch, and Martinez battled with snipers who fired from at least five directions. Six cops were wounded; only one rioter was. No one on either side was killed
Pittsburg schools were closed during the insurrection, which came 13 days after those same schools saw riots following the murder of Martin Luther King, Jr.
105 years ago, March 18 1919, a bomb exploded at the Oakland home of banker George Greenwood, killing his wife. Within days, Russian-born IWW member Pavel Melnikov was arrested for the murder on scant evidence. He was deported without trial in December 1919 as a "dangerous alien"
Melnikov, who had participated in revolutionary groups in Russia, New Jersey, and Seattle, was arrested at the IWW's Jack London Memorial Library in Oakland, and accused of plotting the murders of local capitalists as a member of an alleged IWW secret society, the Cat's Claw Club
At the request of the federal government (who claimed Melnikov was an expert bomb maker simply because he had studied chemistry) he and his alleged co-conspirator, IWW member Basil Saffores, were immediately handed over to immigration authorities
54 years ago, March 13 1970, members of the Berkeley Tenants Union, along with members of People’s Architecture and the Berkeley Food Conspiracy, published “And But For the Sky There Are No Fences Facing” in underground newspaper the Berkeley Tribe
The essay, also known as “Blueprint for a Communal Society," was published in the early weeks of BTU’s massive 1970 Berkeley-wide rent strike. A manifesto of sorts, it analyzes housing in Berkeley from a radical social and ecological perspective
It calls for a number of dramatic changes to the social organization of space in order to “encourage communalism and break down privatization,” such as removing fences, turning backyards & streets into huge communal gardens, and building community "lifehouses”
56 years ago, March 9 1968, the Peace and Freedom Movement inaugurated the “Freedom Festival Week” with a parade of ten thousand people marching from the Peace and Freedom Party HQ at 55 Colton St, weaving through the Haight, out to the Polo Grounds of Golden Gate Park
The march was led by the San Francisco Mime Troupe’s rag-tag Gorilla Band, a 27 member radical musical crew that included flag-bearing majorettes, a chorus, a brass section and a man who hummed through a comb. A goal of the march was to bring collective arts into the streets
After reaching the Polo Grounds, a massive party began featuring speeches from Kathleen Cleaver and several other Peace & Freedom Party representatives, and musical performances by Allmen Joy, Celestial Hysteria, Creedence Clearwater Revival, the Santana Blues Band and others