(1/10) On 24-05-1892 Catharina Godefroi, or Cato as she was called, was born in Amsterdam. She married in 1922, at the age of 30, to Dolf de Levita, born 23-06-1868.
They lived in Amsterdam.
In 1923 they had their first child, Frank. He had a brain disease and was blind.
(2/10) He died very young. When David, their 2nd son, was born in 1926 their joy knew no bounds and they really spoiled the boy. On 19-01-1928 son Frans was born and on 19-05-1931 Henri.
In 1934 Dolf died of a heart attack.
(3/10) She then took care of the children ánd took a job as a diamond worker. A profession that entailed having to live in highly variable financial circumstances.
They were depending on the economic situation of the moment increasing or decreasing the need for diamonds.
(4/10) Cato thought of nothing but their importance and completely ignored herself. There was no money for holidays, but she solved that by sending her children to the JOodse ZEe en BOs KOlonie (JOZEBOKO), so Jewish sea and forest colony in Katwijk aan Zee.
(5/10) The children had a wonderful childhood until the deportations started in 1942. In July 1942 David had to report for the 'arbeidseinsatz'. Cato went to a neighbor and he arranged a job for David as a courier at the Jewish Council. So he got a so called 'sperre'.
(6/10) Cato also got a sperre because she was a diamond worker and therefor was still useful for the Germans. In May 1943 a friend of David went into hiding. David went to stay with him to say goodbye. The next day he wanted to go back home, but the whole neighborhood was closed.
(7/10) This was the raid of 26-05-1943. When he finally could go home the house was empty. His mother and brothers were gone. But later that day Frans came home. He had taken of his star of David, took his cello and walked past the guards saying he had to give a concert.
(8/10) Cato and Henri were killed on 04-06-1943 in #Sobibor.😢
Frans📷 and David spent a while together but later split up and went both into hiding separately.
Frans got 'arrested' in 1944 and on 25-01-1944 he was deported to Auschwitz where he died on 31-05-1944.😢
(9/10) David survived the war in hiding. He became a child psychiatrist and a professor. In his job he helped many children who survived the holocaust.
He wrote a book about his family and his live.
As he becomes older he more and more feels guilty.
Why did he survive???
(1/n) 127 years ago Truus Meijer was born on 21-04-1896. This time not a victim of the Nazi's but a brave woman who stood up against them.
And by doing that she saved more than 10.000 Jewish children.
And the sad thing is that so many people, even Dutch, never heard of her.
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(2/n) Truus, who was born as Geertruida, was married to Franciscus Wijsmuller and so became known as Truus Wijsmuller.
It starts in 1933, when Hitler came to power. She travels to Germany to pick up relatives of Jewish acquaintances.
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(3/n) A few days after kristallnacht she travels to the Dutch-German border to see what is happening there. She takes a Yiddish-speaking Polish boy, under her skirts, to Amsterdam.
November 1938, the British government decides they will take Jewish children for temporary stay
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@AuschwitzMuseum (1/n) This little 4 year 'old' boy was the brother of Eline Regina, born 04-09-1934 (8yr) and Frits Herman, born 18-11-1935 (7yr). They were the children of Salomon born 21-03-1910 and Mirjam Sara nee Micheels, born 02-11-1908.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (2/n) The family used to live in the Hague.
Parents, Max and Eline were in Westerbork from 25-09-1942 and were 3 days later deported to Auschwitz. They were most likely all gassed on arrival.😢
Frits Herman was not deported on that day.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (3/n) It turned out he was in 'het Apeldoornsche Bos'. This was a Jewish psychiatric institution in the forest near Apeldoorn. For a long time it was thought that the Nazis would leave the patients in Apeldoorn undisturbed and therefore would not deport them to Westerbork.
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(1/n) In 1998 this picture was found when a picture frame was changed. It had been hidden there 60 years ago.
It shows 22 children, in the age of 4-17 year. It was made behind the synagogue in Deventer. Some children are wearing the dreadful star.
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(2/n) The photo came into the hands of Mr Meier de Leeuw. He is Jewish and was a child before the war and knew some of these children. He himself was already in hiding, otherwise he would have been on the photo
Meier started an investigation to find out more about the children
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(3/n) Finally it turned out that the photo must have been taken around the Jewish New Year (Rosh
Hashanah) that fell on September 12/13 in 1942. The children celebrated this day in the synagogue and youth shul.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (1/n) It was 07-05-1934 when Leon (called Lonnie) Zwaap was born. He was the son of Salomon, born 03-01-1906 and Esther Jeannette Zwaap nee Philipse, born 15-02-1913. On 08-05-1936 Lonnie's brother Edward David (called Eddy) was born.
Both children were born in Hilversum.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (2/n) Salomon was a doctor while Esther was a childcare worker and a singer. They still lived in Hilversum.
In 1942 Salomon was a representative of the Jewish Council. This is probably why he was the first to be arrested.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (3/n) The first document shows that he was in Vught from 17-02-1943. The Jewish Council card shows the date 12-02-1943 with the handwritten text 'uit gevangenis' or 'out of prison'.
But he probably was in Westerbork somewhere in February.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (1/n) Lia (📷1&2) was the daughter of Julius, who was a baker, born 15-01-1895 and Alice, born 14-05-1895. She had an older sister Rita, born 05-12-1924.
Julius was already deported to Nisko in Poland before the girls and there mother were deported to Theresienstadt.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (2/n) Lia, and her mother and sister were in Theresienstadt from 30-06-1943. And on 19-10-1944 they were all 3 deported to Auschwitz.
Rita was best friends with another Jewish girl, Vera Rosenzweig. Vera was in Theresienstadt from 30-09-1942, so before the Feiners.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (3/n) And while she was there Rita wrote her a card.
It says:
Hope to see you all, with all friends. I miss you all, and would rather be with you. Luckily I have a lot of work in the hospital. Stay healthy and greetings to all.
9 months later Rita was also in Theresienstadt.
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(1/n) Andrée Geulen was a teacher in a school in Brussels. One day, summer of 1942 some of her students arrived at school with the compulsory yellow star on their clothes. Until that time Geulen hadn't paid attention to the anti-Jewish measures and the persecution of the Jews.
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(2/n) Having her students marked and humiliated in this way enraged Geulen, and she instructed the entire class – Jews and non-Jews alike - to wear aprons to school, so as to cover the yellow stars.
This first close encounter with the persecution of the Jews convinced...
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(3/n) ..Andrée that she had to act. While continuing to teach, she became an activist in the Comité de Défence des Juifs (Jewish Defense Committee), where Jews (like Ida Sterno) and non-Jews joined forces to hide and save Jewish children.
📷Andree with Ida Sterno
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