The Nights are the work of a thousand years and still in flux. Here is the earliest fragment of the text, from the 9th century, discovered by the amazing Nabia Abbott and held at the Oriental Institute, Chicago (OI 17618)
This book gives a glimpse of the Nights’ tangled journey. It includes core Arabic tales, the Sinbad cycle, and the stories told by Hanna Diyab—on which more here (bit.ly/3uNBWmg) and here (bit.ly/3wVeKEk)—which were first written down in French.
[Dia al-Azzawi]
The cover, designed by the brilliant @steveattardo, is based on a painting by the Iraqi artist Suad al-Attar. Here she is in Baghdad in 1965.
Sad to say I lost the battle on the title. The complete Nights in my translation, with truer title, should follow in 2023.
I know it’s a complex history but (clickbaity headline aside) in this short article composed mainly of quotes there are 6 errors of fact. Lots of woolly writing on the Nights around, so just to be precise… theguardian.com/books/2021/dec…
1. It’s not ‘also known as 1001 Nights’. That’s the title of the work. ‘Arabian Nights’ is a made-up English title which publishers still insist on using today. In every other language it is 1001 Nights.
2. ‘Middle Eastern and Indian folk tales’ — not quite. The frame tale is adapted from a Persian source and some stories rework material from India & elsewhere, but that material predates the 9th century & much of it is lost to us. What we call 1001 Nights is an Arabic work.
The fish-glue, leather and other substances that made up Arabic and Ottoman manuscripts appealed to insect appetites.
Sometimes these books appealed to kabikaj, the name of a jinn, leader of moths, patron angel of reptiles or real toxic plant for protection from damage.
Sometimes disobedient worms responded in their own magic language.
Talismanic triangle in a work of Arabic grammar from Aceh, Indonesia (19th c.)