Gareth Harney Profile picture
Jun 4, 2021 8 tweets 4 min read Read on X
1) The delightful Colchester Roman Circus mosaic, a modern mosaic designed by archaeological artist Peter Froste, taking inspiration from a famous chariot racing mosaic in Lyon. The mosaic shows the excitement of a race at Colchester's ancient circus which was discovered in 2005.
2) Chariot racing was extremely dangerous and the life expectancy of a charioteer was short. Here one of the racers crashes out with a broken wheel - such crashes were called 'naufragia' (shipwrecks) by the fanatical crowds, crying out "naufragium!" at the sight of an accident.
3) On the central barrier (spina) of the circus we can see the seven laps of the race being counted with large sculpted eggs; circus spinae were ornamented with water features, columns and sculptures, here Cybele, the Great Mother of the gods, is mounted on a lion.
4) A win for the Whites! At the culmination of the race, an official prepares to award the victor a two-handled cantharus drinking cup (very similar to a modern trophy!) as well as a laurel crown and palm leaf as symbols of victory. Nearby a herald blows a lituus horn.
5) The wonderful mosaic was created by mosaicist Peter Herring in 2005-6, soon after the discovery of Colchester's ancient circus; he was assisted by 1,500 local people, mainly school pupils, helping to cut the tiny tesserae tiles!
6) Though its existence was suspected for some time, the site of Camulodunum's Roman circus was only positively identified in 2005 - the only Roman circus in Britain known with certainty. The monumental 2nd century structure may have seated up to 8,000 spectators.
7) The eight starting gates of the Roman circus today, with a lively reconstruction painting by Peter Froste showing the start of a chariot race. It is thought that a sophisticated mechanism was used to open all the starting gates at the same instant, releasing the eager horses.
8) A quite brilliant model of the circus can be enjoyed at the Roman Circus Centre, where you can also get an excellent guided tour of the site. @ClassicistSJR and her team work very hard to protect and promote the remains, do support them by paying a visit one day.

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More from @OptimoPrincipi

Jun 14
1) This bronze diploma was awarded to Marcus Surus Garasenus on 5th April 71 AD, recognising his completion of 26 years' service as an auxiliary marine in the Roman naval fleet based at Misenum. The prized diploma granted full Roman citizenship to Marcus, his wife and his heirs.. Image
2) Marcus Surus originally came from the Roman province of Syria, leaving his home in what is today Jerash, Jordan to join the Roman navy during the reign of Claudius in 46 AD... Image
3) Marking completion of his stipulation 26 years of service, this diploma not only grants him honourable discharge and full Roman citizenship, but also records that 'Surus, son of Dama, from Jerash' will now be known by his Romanised name, Marcus Surus Garasenus.Image
Read 10 tweets
May 22
1) An astounding survival from the Roman world. This silver bust of the emperor Galba is an incredibly rare example of an imperial imago, a reverential portrait of the reigning emperor mounted on a pole and carried into battle as a military standard...Image
2) The imago of the emperor was carried on campaign by a special standard-bearer known as the imaginifer. These precious metal busts ensured the symbolic presence of the emperor on the battlefield, and in the absence of the real ruler, could be used as...Image
3) ..objects of veneration in the camp, foci for oaths of fidelity to the emperor, as well as oaths of submission from a defeated enemy. This imago of Galba is of particular historical interest; after he had reigned for six months in the wake of Nero's suicide... Image
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May 15
1) The fascinating Roman grave memorial of Sextus Vettius Geminus, veteran of the Third Augustan Legion based at Lambaesis, Algeria. The stele with its striking portrait is compelling in its own right – but is made even more so by an intriguing added function that it served... Image
2) Sextus Vettius Geminus lived sixty years and was a veteran of Legio III Augusta, in which he served a crucial role as signifer or standard-bearer. The old, bearded veteran is shown wearing his toga in a powerful frontal portrait that extends beyond the limits of its frame..Image
3) The memorial to Vettius Geminus was probably set up by his wife Licinia Muciana and a son also called Vettius, whose names are both damaged in the inscription. It is when we look at the top of the gravestone that we see something very surprising... Image
Read 9 tweets
May 14
1) This incredible Roman bronze victory trophy is a unique survival from the ancient world, unearthed in the forum of Hippo Regius in Algeria where it once stood in celebration of a Roman military triumph... Image
2) The tropaeum, standing eight feet tall and weighing over a quarter of a ton, is sculpted in emulation of temporary trophies erected near the site of a victorious battle, taking the form of a tree trunk decorated with captured armour and weapons...Image
3) The cast bronze trophy shows a general's cuirass armour draped in a cloak, with precisely sculpted leather pteruges strips that provided some defence at the hips. Captured enemy weapons may have also been fixed to monument in ancient times...Image
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Apr 12
1) The massive Trier Gold Hoard: 2,516 Roman aurei coins weighing 18.5 kg, unearthed in 1993 in the cellar of a Roman administrative building of ancient Augusta Treverorum. The hoard was deposited during the Antonine Plague or 'Plague of Galen' in the late 2nd century AD.. Image
2) The gold hoard was unearthed by chance during the excavation of an underground parking garage in Trier. Sadly, hundreds of coins were stolen before the hoard could be secured by authorities, but an estimated 95% was preserved – the largest surviving Roman imperial gold hoard. Image
3) Study has shown the Trier hoard was first deposited in 167 AD at the height of the Antonine Plague: a catastrophic pandemic that may have killed upwards of 10 million people across the Roman Empire including, in all likelihood, the Roman emperor Lucius Verus.. Image
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Apr 12
1) Cato the Younger took his own life, rather than submit to Julius Caesar, on this day in 46 BC. Seneca writes:

'Cato drove the sword into his sacred breast, but the wound was not well aimed or mortal. I am inclined to think there was good reason for this... Image
2) 'The gods were not satisfied with seeing Cato die once. His courage was kept in action and recalled to the stage, so that it might be displayed even more powerfully – for it needs a greater mind to return a second time to death... Image
3) 'Cato therefore reached into himself and tore out his own vitals, and with that one hand cleared for himself a broad path to freedom. Men are raised to the level of the gods by such a death, which even their worst enemies cannot help but admire.'

- Seneca, Of Providence, 2.Image
Read 4 tweets

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