Vladimir Sviatoslavich was born around 960 to Sviatoslav, Grand Prince of Kiev and Malusha. Sviatoslav was the leader of an East Slavic tribe known as Rus', who had started organizing into a nation during the time of Sviatoslav's grandfather, Rurik and his relative, Oleg. 1/10
The Kievan Rus' was formed near the trade route connecting Byzantium with Scandinavia. Initially centred at Novgorod, Oleg added Smolensk, Lyubech and Kiev, and made Kiev his capital. Sviatoslav added onto the Rus' state, but he died in battle against the Pechenegs in 972. 2/10
Vladimir was designated to inherit Novgorod, while brother Iaropolk set for Kiev and Oleg in Dereva. But this led to a civil war between the brothers, with Oleg killed around 976 and Iaropolk in 980 and Vladimir annexing both their domains. 3/10
By 977, Vladimir also conquered Polotsk after killing its ruler, Rogvolod. Vladimir had offered to marry his daughter, Rogned, but Rogvolod had refused. Vladimir invaded Polotsk, captured the region and married Rogned. 4/10
The nation building continued under Vladimir. He invaded Poland in 981 and subdued Yatvingians & Radimichs. After defeating Pechenegs, Vladimir founded the city of Pereyaslavl at the place of his victory. Vladimir also sought allies and an opportunity came knocking in 987. 5/10
Byzantine Emperor Basileios II was plagued by usurpers and rebels. He sought help from Vladimir and the Rus' to put down the rebellions of Bardas Skleros and Bardas Fokas. Fokas was defeated in 988, while Skleros in 989. But it didn't end there. 6/10
A marital alliance was proposed with Vladimir marrying Anna, the sister of Emperor Basileios. In return, he had to accept Christianity. The baptism and the marriage took place in 988 at Khersones, a Greek colony in Crimea. 7/10
The conversion of the Rus' to Christianity soon followed, but it still look a long time for all of the Rus' to switch. The connection of Russia and Greece is retained to this day, with the Russian Orthodox Church. 8/10
Vladimir died in 1015, with a larger Rus' nation. But he had many sons and as was the norm of the time, each son was designated a part. Many principalities arose including Polotsk, Rostov, Tmutorakan, Volynia, Pereyaslavl, Turov, Novgorod, Dereva, Murom, Pskov and Smolensk. 9/10
The principalities fought amongst each other as the Rus' nation grew slowly. Though the ruler of Kiev held the nominal authority, his power waxed and waned over time. It would take 500 years for Russia to become a nation, by which time Kiev was part of Lithuania. 10/10
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Murad was born in 1404 to Mehmed. Mehmed was the son of Bayezid, the Ottoman Sultan who was captured by Timur in 1402. This led to a period of anarchy in the Sultanate. By 1413, Mehmed had managed to defeat his brothers and take over as Sultan of the entire Sultanate. 1/10
The Ottoman had Sultanate emerged in late 13th century after the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm was defeated by the Mongols. Many beyliks rose up in the Anatolian peninsula, one among which was ruled by the ancestors of Bayezid, Mehmed and Murad. 2/10
Rastislav was born in early 9th century. His father may have been Wistrach and his uncle Mojmír, the Duke of Moravia. Little is known about Rastislav's youth, until 846 when Franks invaded Moravia and installed Rastislav as the Duke of Moravia. 1/10
Moravia emerged as a semi independent state in Central Europe not long after the Franks had defeated the Avars in late 8th century. Moravia was not the first power in the region though. The Slavic states of Samo and of Nitra had lasted briefly during various times as well. 2/10
Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck was born in 1815 to Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand von Bismarck and Wilhelmine Luise Mencken. Hailing from Schönhausen, the Bismarcks were a prominent noble family of the Kingdom of Prussia, with connections in Pomerania. 1/10
Prussia became a kingdom in 1701, but its major part was Brandenburg in the centuries old Holy Roman Empire. Invasion by the French in early 19th century led to the dissolution of this empire, with many of its regions joining Napoleon backed Confederation of the Rhine. 2/10
Camillo Benso was born in 1810 to Michele Benso, Marquis of Cavour, and Adélaïde Suzanne de Sellon. The Bensos were prominent nobility of Savoy. Camillo also had a distinguishing French connection thanks to his mother and his godmother Pauline, sister of Emperor Napoleon. 1/10
The early 18th century saw the French under Napoleon occupy Savoy. But the Bensos managed to see through it in a favourable manner eventually. Young Camilo's career prospects improved with his appointment as page to Carlo Alberto, Prince of Carignano in 1824. 2/10
Iaroslav Vladimirovich was born around 980 to Vladimir Sviatoslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev, and Rogned of Polotsk. Vladimir was initially supposed to rule only in Novgorod, but he had taken Kiev and Dereva from his brothers by 980. 1/10
Iaroslav was given an early charge of Rostov and, later, of Novgorod by 1010. But he sought Kiev and rebelled against his father, when he saw that one of his many brothers may be given Kiev. However, Vladimir died in 1015 and his domain got divided between his sons. 2/10
Birger Magnusson was born around 1210 to Magnus "Minnesköld" Bengtsson and Ingrid Ilva. Magnus was the grandson of the powerful Scandinavian noble, Folke, while Ingrid may have been a descendant of Sverker, King of Sweden in mid 12th century. 1/10
The kingdom of Sweden claimed land on the western and eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea in the 13th century. However, the crown itself was held between two dynasties since Sverker's death in 1156; by Sverker's family and that of Erik who became king after Sverker. 2/10