Anurag Shukla Profile picture
Jul 19, 2021 9 tweets 3 min read Read on X
"Within hours of arriving at the school, Dzabahe was told not to speak her own Navajo language. The leather skirt her mother had sewn for her and the beaded moccasins were taken away and bundled in plastic, like garbage."

nytimes.com/2021/07/19/us/…
"She was given a dress to wear and her long hair was cut- something that is taboo in Navajo culture.

Before she was sent to the dormitory, one more thing was taken: her name. Image
But for many Indigenous people in Canada and the United States, the nightmare was never forgotten. Instead, the discoveries are a reminder of how many living Native Americans were products of an experiment in forcibly removing children from their families and culture. Image
“These things affect you spiritually, physically, mentally, and emotionally,” said Russell Box Sr., a member of the Southern Ute tribe.

“We couldn’t speak our language, we couldn’t sing our prayer songs,” he said. “To this day, maybe that’s why I can’t sing.” Image
"The idea of assimilating Native Americans through education dates back to the earliest history of the colonies.

Throughout the decades that they were in existence, the schools were seen as both a cheaper and more expedient way of dealing with the “Indian problem.” Image
Carl Schurz, the secretary of the interior in the late 1800s, argued that it cost close to $1 million to kill a Native American, versus just $1,200 to give his child 8 years of schooling, according to the account of the historian David Wallace Adams in “Education for Extinction.”
“The only good Indian is a dead one,” Capt. Richard Pratt, the founder of one of the first boarding schools, wrote in 1892. “In a sense, I agree with the sentiment, but only in this: That all the Indian there is in the race should be dead. Kill the Indian in him & save the man.”
Norman Lopez's grandfather taught him how to carve a flute out of the branch of cedar. When the boy brought the flute to school, his teacher smashed it and threw it in the trash.

“I thought that it was part of the school,” said Mr. Lopez, now 78. Image
In her old age, Dzabahe now makes jewelry using traditional elements, like “ghost beads”. When she started selling online, she chose the domain: dzabahe.com.

It is her birth name, the one whose Navajo meaning endured: “woman who fights back.”

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More from @Anuraag_Shukla

Jan 22
And VS Naipaul wrote so prophetically

"The construction of a mosque on a spot regarded as sacred by the conquered population was meant as an insult… an insult to an ancient idea, the idea of Ram.”

"A convert’s deepest impulse is the rejection of his origins.”
In an interview published in Outlook magazine, Naipaul had said;

"You say that Hindu militancy is dangerous. Dangerous or not, it is a necessary corrective to the history I have been talking about. It is a creative force and it will prove to be so."
"So in India at the moment, you have a million mutinies - every man is a mutiny on his own - and I find that entirely creative. It's difficult to manage, it gets very messy, but it is the only way forward."
Read 4 tweets
Jan 4
Ancient Indian texts (Upavana Vinoda, Kathasaritasagara etc.) talk about two types of gardens.

One attached to a royal place and one that was a public garden.

These gardens were spaciously laid out to include water tanks, flowers, orchard, etc.

Then our historians made Mughals synonymous with gardens in India.Image
Kautilya's Arthasastra confirms that an expertise in planting trees, shrubs and curating gardens was recognised.

Such plantings are also extolled in the Matsya Purana, in the form of dramas, epics, and poems that contain references to well laid out gardens.
Vatsyayana, in his Kamasutra, the 2nd century Sanskrit text, talks about creating a garden around a house with fruit trees, vegetables, flowering plants and herbs.

The 3rd-4th century Sanskrit text Vrikshaayurveda of Parasara classified plants in considerable detail.
Read 8 tweets
Aug 10, 2023
Reflections on schooling and learning by Mundiya Kepanga, the chief of the Huli tribe in Papua New Guinea. Image
It is westerners who have invented schools with tables, chairs and boards and diplomas. But in my tribe, we had a traditional type of school called Iba Gidja.
For weeks, we grew our hair and, at the same time, learned the rules and how to respect others. We learned to live together in harmony and take care of our planet.
Read 10 tweets
Jul 11, 2023
Lutyens' Delhi vs. Lutyens' India

Edwin Lutyens, who was largely responsible for architectural design and construction during the British Raj, when India was a part of the British Empire, had fairly negative opinions about Indian architecture.
"Personally, I do not believe there is any real Indian architecture or any great tradition," he wrote. "They are just spurts by various mushroom dynasties with as much intellect in them as any other art nouveau … And then it is ultimately the building style of children."
He once wanted to buy a Buddha for his wife, but nothing came up to his standard. 'Lord, how ugly everything Indian and Anglo-Indian is . . .' he despaired.
Read 4 tweets
Jun 2, 2023
The history of "Made in Sweden" safety matches in India dates back to the late 19th century.

In the 1880s, a Swedish inventor named Gustaf Erik Pasch developed a safer alternative to the traditional friction matches, which were prone to accidental ignition and caused numerous… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… Image
In 1891, the Swedish safety match company, Jönköpings Tändsticksfabrik, started exporting these safety matches to India under the brand name "Swedish Safety Matches."

The matches quickly gained popularity due to their improved safety features and reliable ignition.
However, in the early 20th century, an Indian businessman named Sivakasi Narayana Ayyar recognized the potential of the matchstick industry and established a match manufacturing unit in Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu.

He named his company "Sivakasi Match Industries" and began producing… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Read 6 tweets
Oct 31, 2022
Indonesia reached its peak of glory during the era of Hayam Wuruk (also known as Rajasanagara or Bhatara Prabhu), a Javanese Hindu emperor of the Majapahit Empire.

According to the Nagarakretagama, written in 1365, Majapahit was an empire stretching from Sumatra to New Guinea.
Its borders included modern-day Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, southern Thailand, Timor Leste, and the southwestern Philippines, and it is regarded as one of the greatest and most powerful empires in Indonesian and Southeast Asian history.
The Majapahit period is regarded as politically and culturally formative by Indonesians. For later generations, "Majapahit" became a code word for the source of all civilisation.

Pic: The graceful Bidadari Majapahit, a golden celestial apsara in Majapahit style.
Read 12 tweets

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