Next up is @doc_faubel again for a lit review in AKI. She starts out saying that she will not be able to go over all 68,000 articles in pubmed on the topic. Also nice shout out to #NephJC
Dose of dialysis Ronco CRRT 20 ml/kg/hr vs 35 vs 45 from 2000 #AspenKidney
ATN 20 ml/kg/hr vs 35 CRRT or 3 day/week or 6 d/wk with IHD
She says this is one of the greatest RCT ever done in nephrology.
The study was negative with a bunch of negative outcomes with intensive dialysis #AspenKidney
Sorry I forgot the pics
She points out recent data showing that more intensive dialysis is harmful to ventilated patients. The authors suspect it is the phos that is problematic. Faubel is skeptical of the phos hypoth. #AspenKidney
She thinks that the KDIGO recommendations should be the ceiling and that it may be time to start to exploring lowering the floor. #AspenKidney
Onward to timing of dialysis. Points out that the N needs to be around 1000 to show a mortality benefit. #AspenKidney
Then AKIKI1 No mortality benefit from early start, but a lot of patients in the late start group never needed dialysis. #AspenKidney
Talked about IDEAL and then on to START-AKI
Faubel likes the study design of START-AKI especially the points in the protocol where they defer to the opinion of the treating nephrologist. #AspenKidney
She concludes with this article from 1960 and she feels the conclusion from this study holds up pretty well (KRT at a BUN of 120). Also note how similar the mortality rates (33%) are to contemporary studies. #AspenKidney
She adds a shout out to @BookBurton with the statement, "There are only normal values for blood because there are no normal values for urine." As part of her plea that the kidney is more than an ultrafiltration organ and that KRT is in no way a replacement for the kidney!
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Next session started by Rovin to talk about IGAN pathophysiology and the selection of therapeutics
4-hit model 1. formation of IGA galactose deficient 2. formation of autoantibodies against these IgA 3. Formation of circulating IgG-IgA1 immune complexes 4. Deposition of the immune complexes in the kidney
#RKDSummit
1st case
Hematuria on U/A
Gross hematuria after covid vaccine
10 RBC/HPF, no casts
Scar 0.9 mg/dl, 24-hr urine 750 mg of protein
#RKDSummit
A bit “Juicy”
Mesangial expansion (arrows, fig 1)
Mesangial hypercellularity (circle, fig 2)
Biopsy has no chronicity (fig 3)
Lights up with C3 and IgA (fig 4)
When we published our study <> of ODS and hyponatremia we were pummeled for including people at low risk of ODS because we included Na levels between 120 and 130. They said it is well known "that ODS is incredibly rare/non-existent at those levels." 1/4evidence.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/EV…
Of course one of the reasons it was thought to be incredibly rare was that no one looked for CPM in patients with Na from 120-130. We found a fair number (≤5 of 12). 2/4
Our findings are replicated in a study from Australia. The authors took a different approach to investigating ODS. Instead of starting w/ hyponatremia and working forward to ODS, they started with a dx of ODS and worked backwards
3/4ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35717664
Gadolinium in dialysis patients.
What's up with that?
#Tweetorial
1/11
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is an iatrogenic disease that presents with hardening of the skin and other organs. It is often lethal. I treated 5 people with this condition (including one with AKI). Terrible.
2/11
The etiology of NSF was unknown and there were many theories. In 2006, Thomas Grobner published a small case series showing 5 patients developing NSF within weeks of receiving gadolinium contrast for MRI.
3/11pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16431890/
I just recently recommended the Renal Physiology book by Bruce Koeppen and Bruce Stanton. I thought it was a good medical student level text book: pbfluids.com/2023/08/ouwb-s…
But I came across this question in Chapter 8 Regulation of Acid Base. It is a straight forward question asking the learner to interpret simple acid-base cases.
But the question falls apart when you look at the answer...