Tamra Maew (The Treatise of Cats) is an illustrated Thai manuscript that consists of "auspicious" cat types (possibly serves as breeding standard). Each cat picture is accompanied by a poetic verse that describes its characteristics.
The Treatise of Cats is believed to be originated from the Ayutthaya period, but the most extant specimens came from the 19th Century. It is a class of samut khoi, a folding book manuscript widely used in many Buddhist cultures.
Below are examples of the verses in English. 2/10
Ninlarat ("Dark Sapphire")
"As the name, the breed. Dark Sapphire,
Perfect shiny black form,
Teeth, eyes, claws, tongue, black as the body,
And a tapering tail to the end, running back to touch the head." 3/10
Suphalak ("Excellence") or Thong Daeng ("Copper")
"Of appearance superb, a graceful feline.
Color of copper glinting,
Eyes lit like shining rays
Against all evil, malevolence turns to content." 4/10
Krajork ("Sparrow")
"With the name Sparrow, a nice round frame.
Black body, the shaded background.
White fur, like clouds, floats around the mouth.
Eyes a mix of fresh colors, like gamboge pigment." 5/10
Wichien Maas ("Moon Diamond")
"Upper mouth, tail, four paws, and two ears,
Eight points of pure black, as stated.
Eye color shines bronze-gray,
The name Moon Diamond for the white fur." 6/10
Singha Sep ("Lion")
"The Lion is a black-bodied breed.
White around the mouth, around
The neck’s conch-shell mane, and on nose tip.
Gamboge eyes, drops of water fading in light." 7/10
Maaleht ("Flower")
"Grace of the flower, its body evenly colored,
Fur like the lao flower, smooth.
Fur roots a cloudy gray, off-white
Eyes, like dewdrops on a lotus." 8/10
Ninlajak ("Sapphire Circle")
"The name Sapphire Circle bespeaks grace.
Body to crows’ wings truly compares,
White around the neck, and
can live in any country; this cat one should look after." 9/10
Krorp Waen ("Spectacle Frame") or Aan Maa ("Horse Saddle")
"Spectacle Frame is the name. White as cliffs,
Black fur around the eyes, as if dyed.
On the back, like a horse’s saddle,
A beautiful inky circle. Found in any country." 10/10
Translation by: Martin Clutterbuck
Scans by: Dr. Julia Craig-McFeely.
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Chocolate was once associated with witchcraft in colonial Latin America. Women traditionally prepared chocolate for drink and folk medicine, so there was fear that they practiced witchcraft through chocolate, making them subjects of Inquisition's crackdown. 1/8 #FolkloreSunday
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A 🧵for #BookWormSat #Christmas and #Tolkien
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A thread of birthday appreciation for #TolkienTrewsday #TolkienTuesday 1/13
📷: Josh Dolgin
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Chocolate was once associated with witchcraft in colonial Latin America. Women traditionally prepared chocolate for drink and folk medicine, so there was fear that they practiced witchcraft through chocolate, making them subjects of Inquisition's crackdown.
#FolkloreSunday 1/8
Chocolate was known as the "food of gods" and currency in ancient times. According to legend, Aztec emperor Montezuma II drank gallons of it daily for vitality. Chocolate was also consumed for strength in giving birth and menopause, or staying awake for rituals and revelries. 2/8
Women traditionally prepared chocolate drink and the association carried as the Inquisition purged "heretical practices", including folk medicine. Historian Martha Few said that many testimonies featured chocolate, like those who feared women put potion in their morning cup. 3/8
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A 🧵for #Tolkien and #FolkloreSunday
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🎨: Amani Warrington
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