Nick Mark MD Profile picture
Aug 1, 2021 24 tweets 11 min read Read on X
Soo NEJM has an educational COVID critical care “game.” Obviously I had to play on expert.

First off let’s talk about the name: Bagel Mage?!?

I’m not one to criticize - my name is just two synonymous verbs - but Bagel Mage 🥯 🧙‍♀️ sounds like the lamest D&D character ever.

1/
Bagel’s hypotensive with sats in the mid 80s, better do a quick assessment & start someO2.

“May I ask about your goals in the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest?”
- maybe the worst possible way to ask this but here it goes…

…Ok I guess he’s an everything bagel.
2/
No POCUS - guess I’ll do an exam & order some tests: ABG, basic labs, procalcitonin, CXR, some cultures, & a COVID test (you know “trust but verify”)

While I’m waiting I’ll order APAP, HFNC

Ugh oh. I guess im trouble for not coding enough. Damn this simulation is realistic!
3/
Ok - I entered some ICD9 codes to get that admin off my back.

Now they are all friendly (“your expert care is needed”) and I’m allowed get back to patient care.

Start some O2, order some Abx, and fire off a CXR & some labs…
4/
Bad news: bilateral opacities on radiograph, he’s blowing off a lot of CO2 to protect oxygenation, and he’s COVID positive!

Better start some therapeutics. Ivermectin isn’t on formulary so I’ll stick to stuff that actually works: corticosteroids.
5/
Ok I must have done something right: “Probability of a Good Outcome” just went from 0.00 to 0.36

Also, why is an anesthesiology ventilator just hanging out next to the bed in the ICU? Awkward.
6/
No time to ponder the weird game artwork. This is getting serious!

“Doctor, Bagel Mage isn’t doing well”

7/
More results back: 🧪 procal +, 🧫 growing staphylococcus aureus on blood cultures. Definitely no tocilizumab… good thing I already started Abx.

Getting nervous about that rising respiratory rate…
8/
Time for some awake proning!

9/
Uh oh I’m in trouble again - “a gentle and friendly reminder” in hospital admin parlance is serious!

I need to update my differential and do more documentation. Press Ganey scores are on the line!!!

10/
Let’s reassess. We’ve tried HFNC, prone positioning, steroids, and antibiotics. Vitals and ABG look worse.

I ask a Bagel how he’s doing and he says “Bad”.

We could try NIPPV but I don’t think there is a quickly reversible cause here. Time to intubate.
11/
I tried hard to avoid intubation but ultimately it was necessary. Now Bagel is comfortably sedated on propofol and synchronous with the vent.

At least “Probability of a good outcome” is going up…
12/
I guess his nurse doesn’t agree that he’s doing better.

“Have you considered…” consulting a better doctor? Ouch.

She’s right though. All hands on deck for Bagel. Let’s see what our esteemed consultants have to say…

13/
Ok so my trusty ID consult has like 15 NEJM papers for me to consider reading…Um Thanks?

14/
Let’s try consulting pulm.

He’s just dying to tell me about the ARDSnet trial. That will make my next choice easier.

15/
Sent a CRP, D-Dimer, & ferritin to keep my consultants happy. Perhaps a fecal occult blood test to go with that?

Clinically we’re stabilized: vented on LPV, Proned, on neuromuscular blockers (I don’t like to say “paralyzed” because it sounds scary to families), inhaled EPO
16/
Speaking of stabilized - this game is super unstable running on Safari/iOS. It keeps reloading randomly.

I keep saving Bagel but then the game crashes and I have to start over…ugh
17/
The game keeps crashing & restarting. I should just do this in chrome but I’m too stubborn.

This causality loop is starting to make me go a little crazy & think insane “what if”thoughts. Should I use NS instead of LR? Dopamine instead of norepinephrine? (Like I said crazy😜)
18/
OK managed to get the game working properly in Chrome...

In fairness to NEJM, they do warn you about these stability issues in the directions.

The are also very clear that Bagel Mage is not based on any real life Bagels. They really don't want to get sued by a litigious 🥯
19/
Anyway back to the case -

Bagel seems to be oxygenating better but I'm nervous about his hypotension. It would be great to have POCUS but i'll just cast a broad net...

Oh no. Bagel's troponin in 78 (nl <0.04) and his ECG doesn't look good!
20/
Looks like a STEMI: Time for ASA, a heparin gtt, STAT echo & an urgent call to (another) consultant: interventional cards!

This consultant is all business - no NEJM papers to read - she just PCI's the left main & drops the mic. The before after angiogram speaks for itself.
21/
Starting to feel good about this. Bagel is sick but the "probability of a good outcome" meter thinks he's gonna make it.

Hospital admin thinks so too & says "we could use another bed"

If STEMI+ARDS+COVID doesn't merit an ICU bed in this (fictional) universe, what does?
22/
I guess my only choice in response to the hospital admin was "Got it!" (I must be on the fast track to promotion)

Now I get to make another high stakes decision:
- go to call room
- finish the shift
- start the day over again (another Groundhog day?)

Weird ending but OK...
23/
OK well that was interesting... this game was hokey but honestly it was also kinda enjoyable, in spite of all the crashes.

Hope you've enjoyed this weird rambling 🧵. If you want to save Bagel yourself, you can check out the NEJM site:
covid19rx.nejm.org/landing/index.…
24/24

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More from @nickmmark

Jul 16
The media silence on this is deafening.

Did he have a head CT? What did it show?
Did he have stitches? Tetanus shot?

The NYT ran nonstop stories about Biden’s health after the debate but can’t be bothered to report on the health of someone who was literally shot in the head?
To the people in the replies who say it’s impossible because of “HIPPA”
1. I assume you mean HIPAA
2. A normal presidential candidate would allow his doctors to release the info. This is exactly what happened when Reagan survived an assassination attempt.
washingtonpost.com/obituaries/202…
My advice to journalists is to lookup tangential gunshot wounds (TGSW).

Ask questions like:
- what imaging has he had?
- what cognitive assessments?
- has he seen a neurosurgeon or neurologist?
- he’s previously had symptoms like slurred speech, abnormal gait - are these worse?
Read 4 tweets
Jun 30
You've probably heard "don't give lactated ringers because it raises lactate"

This statement is ~98% false, but there's one crucial practice-changing fact that you need to know.

A 🧵 all about lactic acid and lactated ringers!
1/
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First off, we should ackowledge the obvious: Lactated ringers does in fact contain lactate... 28 mEq/L in fact

BUT there's one little detail to remember:
Lactate ≠ Lactic acid

When we measure "lactate" we care about the ACID (H+) which lowers pH & causes organ dysfunction
2/ Image
But the correlation between pH & lactate is really bad!

Look at this analysis of lactate vs pH in 171 ICU patients.

There is a *weak* correlation in people with arterial lactate > 5, but even w/ lactate =10, pH ranged from 7.5 to 7.05. Quite a spread!

3/ ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
Read 10 tweets
Jun 13
If you intubate you need to read the #PREOXI trial!
-n=1301 people requiring intubation in ED/ ICU were randomized to preoxygenation with oxygen mask vs non-invasive ventilation (NIV)
-NIV HALVED the risk of hypoxemia: 9 vs 18%
-NIV reduced mortality: 0.2% vs 1.1%

#CCR24
🧵
1/

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Hypoxemia (SpO2 <85%) occurs in 10-20% of ED & ICU intubations.

1-2% of intubations performed in ED/ICU result in cardiac arrest!

This is an exceptionally dangerous procedure and preoxygenation is essential to keep patients safe.

But what’s the *BEST* way to preoxygenate?
2/
Most people use a non-rebreather oxygen mask, but because of its loose fit it often delivers much less than 100% FiO2.

NIV (“BiPAP”) delivers a higher FiO2 because of its tight fit. It also delivers PEEP & achieves a higher mean airway pressure which is theoretically helpful!
3/
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Read 15 tweets
Jun 12
Results from #PROTECTION presented #CCR24 & published @NEJM.
- DB RCT of amino acid infusion vs placebo in n=3511 people undergoing cardiac surgery w/ bypass.
- Reduced incidence of AKI (26.9% vs 31.7% NNT=20) & need for RRT (1.4% vs 1.9% NNT=200)

Potential game changer!

🧵
1/
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I work in a busy CVICU & I often see AKI following cardiac surgery.

Despite risk stratification & hemodynamic optimization, AKI remains one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery with bypass.

Even a modest reduction in AKI/CRRT would be great for my patients.
2/ From Nature reviews nephrology  https://www.nature.com/articles/nrneph.2017.119
During cardiac surgery w/ bypass, renal blood flow (RBF) is reduced dramatically. This causes injury, especially in susceptible individuals.

But what if we could use physiology to protect the kidneys?

Renal blood vessels dilate after a high protein meal increasing RBF & GFR!
3/ https://www.jtcvs.org/article/S0022-5223(18)33243-4/fulltext
Read 11 tweets
May 3
A slightly tricky blood gas case:

77 yo with respiratory distress, RR 30, SpO2 80% on non-rebreather at 15 lpm

CXR & TTE are unrevealing

pH 7.58 / PaCO2 24 / PaO2 >500 / HCO3 22

MetHb 0% CarboxyHb 0%

The ABG looks like this: Image
The answer is sulfhemoglobinemia.

Sulfhemoglobinemia is a *permanently* modified hemoglobin associated with exposure to TMP/SMX, dapsone, phenazopyridine, & other amino & nitro compounds.

It has an altered oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve.

2/

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Sulfhemoglobinemia is easily confused with methemoglobinemia. Both have very dark colored blood & present with cyanosis. Diagnosis typically requires a specialized lab.

Spoiler: you may have heard that SulfHb is green. It isn’t really. You’re thinking of Vulcans’ blood.

3/
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Read 7 tweets
Apr 28
This story is absolutely shocking.

Philip Morris International (PMI) spent millions to influence medical education by buying a series of “CMEs” at Medscape!

How else has big tobacco tried to normalize vaping & influence the medical community?

🧵
1/
theexamination.org/articles/medsc…
Recently it was revealed that Philip Morris International (PMI) had SPONSORED CME materials about smokeless tobacco products on Medscape.

I had the opportunity to review these “CME” materials & they are pretty shocking!
2/

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One truly incredible thing about this “CME” was that it has NO DISCLOSURE SLIDE!

The fact that people teaching about vaping don’t disclose their financial ties to the tobacco industry is absolutely bonkers!

Why isn’t there a sunshine act for this?
3/
Read 19 tweets

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