Jon Hawkes Profile picture
Aug 3, 2021 8 tweets 4 min read Read on X
Cummins awarded an $87m contract to finalise the Advanced Combat Engine (ACE), a modular and scalable opposed piston 2-stroke diesel engine solution, capable of hybridization. Doesn't sound immediately exciting, but ACE is actually pretty cool - read on to see why!
Sitting within the Advanced Powertrain Demonstrator effort, headlines are that Cummins claims it provides a 50% increase in power density, (same power in smaller form) a 20% reduction in heat rejection, and 13% improved fuel efficiency. Add in 10x more electrical power generation
OP engines are so attractive the US Army said "The Army studied engine architectures for over 20 years and based on thousands of hours of testing independently concluded that the [OP] architecture is the superior platform on which to base the future of combat vehicle propulsion."
Latest development is a 1,000 hp multi-cylinder engine (MCE), which is being tested with the Army on a number of platforms and is the most power-dense engine the US Army has ever tested by a factor of 2. A 1,500 hp version has been modelled on the M88 ARV showing great potential
Why does any of that matter? More power in same or less space = more mobility (sort of). Add in some of the track and suspension mods they are playing around with on Bradley and your terrain accessibility is radically changed.
Or keep broadly what you have, but at around half the internal volume. Space is a serious premium in an AFV, so that's no small benefit in its own right. Adding the logistical benefits around fuel efficiency etc and it's a win either way you choose to take it.
As a modular and scalable engine design, it could give rise to a common family of engines across the entire US combat and logistics vehicle fleets, bringing a mound of logistics and support benefits on top of the automotive and performance benefits.
So, ACE is a pretty exciting engine tech. Looking forward to seeing more of what Cummins has in store and what the US Army can do with it. /end #tanktwitter #enginetwitter #isenginetwitterathing

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More from @JonHawkes275

Apr 17
A brief summary🧵of the Manned Ground Vehicle (MGV) element of the aspirational US Army Future Combat Systems (FCS) programme. A bit of a "what they almost got" for the US Army of the late 90s and early 00s. Image
MGV was a common family of AFV that were bold in their vision - baseline 24 ton hull (later upped to c.30t) with hybrid drive & CRT track, loads of data & sensor fusion, a lot of automation (most variants were 2-man crews), with less passive armour and more smart solutions. Image
A few more details of the core base platform that the family would build on. Lots of bold capabilities that many 2020s AFV still lack, and all with the strategic benefits of a single common platform across an entire Army fleet, which are substantial. Image
Read 21 tweets
Mar 7
A long-requested (long) overview of the UK’s wheeled vehicle strategy – the Land Mobility Programme (LMP) and Boxer Strategic Pipeline (BSP).
Its actually rather good as a plan, being well considered, framed in reality and funded. Well done Army! Image
So, broad strokes. LMP and BSP form a full spectrum of wheeled vehicle capability for the Army. LMP comprises three strands – Light Utility, Light Protected Mobility, and Medium Protected Mobility. Boxer sits above as a de-facto Heavy Protected Mobility of sorts Image
In all we are talking a 20-year pipeline of >12,000 vehicles with a combined budget likely well over £7Bn. This is also the big test whether MoDs new Integrated Procurement Model is all talk or not – buy simple and fast, iterate and export, or not. Image
Read 46 tweets
Feb 23
1/ 2024 is shaping up to be a bit of a year of the Leopard, a brief summary of plans afoot to make even more Leopard 2 users and variants a reality, which is always a good thing.
An open-ended, non-exhaustive list of actual & speculative users going on as of February 2024: Image
2/ 🇮🇹 Italy: Leopard 2A8
The Italians are looking at a medium-term successor to the Ariete (pictured), despite that tank still being in the midst of an MLU, with long term aspirations to join MGCS (or whatever emerges when it finally gives up). Image
3/ They plan to do a lot of the work domestically, building at a Leonardo production line in La Spezia and fitting with Italian industry components including sights, radios, C2 suite and potentially domestic manufactured barrel for L55A1 gun.
Anticipated production run: 130x 2A8.
Read 18 tweets
Feb 14
1/ Japan's Future Amphibious Technology Research (FAT-R). The oft-overlooked work to really push the envelope of AAV tech that is actually making some great strides in the background.

A short summary 🧵 Image
2/ A quick background of Amphibious Assault Vehicles (AAVs). Since the DUKW and LVT in the 1940s, there has been a niche for AFV capable of swimming when afloat and transitioning to land movement seamlessly to transport and support an opposed landing and inland movement.
Image
Image
3/ In the contemporary space the only meaningful example is the AAV7 (previously LVTP7), in service since 1972 and still the only vehicle of its type (ack that there are some peripheral amphibious AFV like ACV/SUPERAV, AMV and others, but nothing that was from the outset an AAV). Image
Read 22 tweets
Feb 9
1/ A short summary of 🇪🇸's Leopard 2E upgrade plans.

Spain bought 219 Leopard 2E (local name Leopardo 2E), which are broadly speaking a 2A6 analogue with the Strv 122/2A6HEL roof armour and some unique to Spain C4 gear (LINCE BMS, Indra licence-built TI optics etc) Image
2/ The initial plan was to manage obsolescence and reduce some of the maintenance burden - in recent years the training has been curtailed simply because funding for spares and consumables wasn't there, so they are rather keen to minimise outdated elements.
3/ However, some money has been found somewhere, and so the upgrade plan has expanded into a multi-phase approach. Phase 1 will result in the Leopard 2E M1, and remains on the original plan - obsolescence management and sustainment efficiencies. IOC is planned for 2029. Image
Read 12 tweets
Jan 23
1/ UKs Challenger 3 prototype now a real steel bit of kit, going into trials within the next few weeks. Imagery from #IAV2024 courtesy of @Janes own @Rivet_Counter

A few of the usual objections/critiques/comments flying around on twitter this week - a mini thread of responses to Image
2/ The design remains unchanged at the overall design level from that which I summarised 3 years ago at contract award in this thread:
3/ Critique: "Its not got APS". Yes it does, we've seen pics & videos of Trophy tested on mock turrets. Remember CR3 is "fitted for but not with" APS so prototype not having it means v little. This kind of testing would not be expected to have more than ballast to simulate APS Image
Read 8 tweets

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