Olympic 100m champion & double gold medalist Marcell Jacobs "nutritionist" who immediately claimed Jacobs transformation was due to him is linked with Italian police investigation 'Operation Muscle Bound' for supplying HGH, testosterone and anabolic steroids.
Jacobs who was not currently in the AIU athlete testing pool rapidly improved his performance from a PB of 10.03s set in 2019, with a SB of 10.10s to take the Olympic title in 9.80s.
Jacobs has improved by 3% in less than 12 months at the age of 26.
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Spazzini Jacobs "Nutritionist" T the heart of "Operation Muscle Bound" claims Jacobs increased his muscle mass by 4kg and reduced body fat by 4% in a year they worked together.
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Spazzini gained access to drugs by using doctors prescription pads and stamps.
Despite Jacobs not being in the AIU testing pool as he was not seen as a serious contender to the Olympic crown HGH & Testosterone drugs of choice are only dorectly detectable via blood tests.
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Before the Olympics concludes there is already overwhelming suspicion around the 100m champion. Although performance may not directlty indicate doping rapid transformations and astounding performances are two big red flags.
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Jacobs is now the joint 10th fastest man in history with only Usain Bolt and Trayvon Bromell ranked ahead of him not implicated in any doping scandal as of date.
High performance and late career transformations are both red flags when you keep this company.
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What does the scientific literature tell us about the effects of super shoes on running economy and race performance? Let’s investigate.
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*** Disclaimer***
Without directly testing Assefa in the laboratory we can not determine the effect of super shoes on her running economy and other physiological markers. However, we can explore what the academic literature may suggest is possible and/or not possible. 2/
The first study to examine super shoes was Hoogkamer et al. (2017) pioneering paper. Here researchers observed an enhancement in running economy (RE) on average by 4% compared to traditional racing shoes.
The lower the mass of the leg further away from the body the lower the energetic cost to move it.
East African's have small amounts of musculature in the lower leg. Their gastrocnemius is small and the bulk of the mass more proximal to the knee with alimb ankles.
The gender gap exists across all running distances as shown by Thibault et al (2010) study showsthe smallest margin in running events of 6.5% in the 100m but the largest difference 13.96% I the 4x100m.
Both the rider in question who rode away and the group of riders in question regarding the nandrolone tests where both high natural occurring levels and contamination were ruled out were part of Shane Sutton's squad of riders.
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As Shane's squad under went testing for nandrolone in an unacredited WADA lab against WADA's rules as few as 10 British Cycling staff were aware, including the gang: Brailsford, Sutton, Peters and Freeman.
One of anti-doping's biggest challenges is proving how a substance entered an athlete's body. Subsequently, the responsibility has been placed upon the athlete to prove how a substance has came into their body under WADA's Code of 'strict liability'.
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With anti-doping labs analytical sensitivity improving, athletes testing positive due to contamination of supplements for trace amounts of PED's offers a real concern to both athletes and the anti-doping authorities.
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Britain's CJ Ujah part of the Olympic 4x100m relay team who won the silver medal at the Tokyo Olympics has returned an AAF for the Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator's (SARM'S) Ostarine & S-23. He is likely to claim a contaminated supplement is the reason behind his AAF