@WorldAthletics time for a periodic review of the DSD regulations which currently restrict 46XY female athletes who have testes & testosterone levels in the male range (7.7 - 29.4nmol/L) currently only restricting participation in events over the 400m-1500m.
Thread 1/
The performance benefits of testosterone do not discriminate between running distances.
On average males have a performance benefit of 11.2% (± 1. 25) across all running events & 19.0% (± 2.57) for all jumping events.
The gender gap exists across all running distances as shown by Thibault et al (2010) study showsthe smallest margin in running events of 6.5% in the 100m but the largest difference 13.96% I the 4x100m.
The gender gap in performance is present across all world records is 10.0% ±2.94 between men & women for all events.
The gap ranges from 5.5% in 800m freestyle, 7% for speed skating, 8.7% cycling, 10.7% in running, & 18.8% in long jump.
Testosterone does not discriminate.
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The #Tokyo2020#Olympics witnessed two extremes of DSD competing in running events.
Mboma & Masilingi in the 200m & Niyonsaba competing in the 10,000m.
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On 2nd July it was reported Mboma & Masilingi both only 18 were illegible to compete in the women's 400m. This was reported July 20 days prior to the start of the Tokyo Olympics.
Both Mboma & Masilingi were able to qualify for the Tokyo Olympics in this short window.
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Mboma won the Olympic silver medal over the 200m at the age of 18 after running just three 200m races prior to the Olympics.
Masilingi also 18 finished 6th in the 200m final.
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On the opposite end of the spectrum Niyonsaba who won the silver medal at the Rio Olympic 800m qualified for the Olympics in both the 5,000m & 10,000m.
She finished 5th in the 10,000m setting a National a Record of 30.41mins.
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The ability of some DSD athletes to transition between race distances is indicative of a performance advantage.
What other athlete in history has won an Olympic medal in the 800m with a range of finishing 5th in the 10,000m?
Time for World Athletics to review their policy.
Unfortunately for fair sport for female athlete's discrimination against DSD athlete's is required as stated by CAS.
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What does the scientific literature tell us about the effects of super shoes on running economy and race performance? Let’s investigate.
Long thread 🧵
*** Disclaimer***
Without directly testing Assefa in the laboratory we can not determine the effect of super shoes on her running economy and other physiological markers. However, we can explore what the academic literature may suggest is possible and/or not possible. 2/
The first study to examine super shoes was Hoogkamer et al. (2017) pioneering paper. Here researchers observed an enhancement in running economy (RE) on average by 4% compared to traditional racing shoes.
The lower the mass of the leg further away from the body the lower the energetic cost to move it.
East African's have small amounts of musculature in the lower leg. Their gastrocnemius is small and the bulk of the mass more proximal to the knee with alimb ankles.
The gender gap exists across all running distances as shown by Thibault et al (2010) study showsthe smallest margin in running events of 6.5% in the 100m but the largest difference 13.96% I the 4x100m.
Both the rider in question who rode away and the group of riders in question regarding the nandrolone tests where both high natural occurring levels and contamination were ruled out were part of Shane Sutton's squad of riders.
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As Shane's squad under went testing for nandrolone in an unacredited WADA lab against WADA's rules as few as 10 British Cycling staff were aware, including the gang: Brailsford, Sutton, Peters and Freeman.
One of anti-doping's biggest challenges is proving how a substance entered an athlete's body. Subsequently, the responsibility has been placed upon the athlete to prove how a substance has came into their body under WADA's Code of 'strict liability'.
Thread 1/
With anti-doping labs analytical sensitivity improving, athletes testing positive due to contamination of supplements for trace amounts of PED's offers a real concern to both athletes and the anti-doping authorities.
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Britain's CJ Ujah part of the Olympic 4x100m relay team who won the silver medal at the Tokyo Olympics has returned an AAF for the Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator's (SARM'S) Ostarine & S-23. He is likely to claim a contaminated supplement is the reason behind his AAF