Let's talk about "The Wedge Strategy" as it applies to creationism, vaccines, and science denialism of all stripes.
The name derives from a document drafted in 1998 by staff at the Discovery Institute & marked "Top Secret" and "Not For Distribution", leaked by an HR contractor.
It made explicit the aims and strategy of the Discovery Institute's Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture, a group led by Stephen Meyer that rebranded creationism as intelligent design.
Their goals, stated plainly:
"To defeat scientific materialism and its destructive moral, cultural and political legacies"
"To replace materialistic explanations with the theistic understanding that nature and human beings are created by God"
The Discovery Institute wasn't about discovery. The Wedge Document lays out their PR efforts, apologetics & legal strategies as an effort to teach religion in public schools, funded by Christian Dominionists who want to overthrow secular US government by theocratic dictatorship.
They knew teaching creationism was unconstitutional, so they developed a stealth approach that pretended to be scientific, to give cover to their ideologically motivated deceptions.
To be explicit: they don't believe in the utility of intelligent design as an objective research program. They're just creationists: theologians or religious apologists. It's a ruse to soft-sell religious takeover of science instruction in public schools.
Irreducible complexity was invented as a ruse, and it's persuaded 0% of actual research biologists, but as laid out in the Wedge Strategy, it muddies the water by sounding sciencey. That's exactly what the Wedge Strategy document maps out. Obfuscation, deception, misdirection.
As Discovery Institute founder Philip E. Johnson said in an interview:
"Our strategy has been to change the subject a bit so that we can get the issue of intelligent design, which really means the reality of God, before the academic world and into the schools."
In a separate thread, I'll describe how vaccine denialists, global climate change denialists & others have adopted the same strategies.
Famed population geneticist RA Fisher published this paper in 1936 taking Mendel to task for either concealing, cherry-picking, or omitting parts of his study of pea genetics.
1. The segregation ratios (as in 'Mendelian ratios') are too perfect. Actual observations are modified by noise and distortion, only land on the 3:1, 1:2:1 ratios in extremely large samples sizes of ideal, perfect genetic models.
I want to talk about the Map-Territory Relation in #science & why it matters to many topics in public perception of science.
It's what I think of when people insist that 'science says there are only two genders'.
Maybe you've seen this work by René Magritte, called "The Treachery of Images". The text translates: "this is not a pipe".
It's not. It's an IMAGE of a pipe. It only resembles an actual pipe in one very specific way, from a particular angle, in 2-D.
Like this PICTURE of a pipe, a scientific model or system of classification is by nature a SIMPLIFICATION.
British statistician George Box: "Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful. However, the approximate nature of the model must always be borne in mind."
But the most interesting story about Benjamin Franklin I've run across is the giant pit filled with human bones that was recently (1997) found in his basement.
Really.
A giant pit of human bones. The remains of at least 28 bodies. In his basement. Cut up with a saw.
Ben Franklin lived at 36 Craven Street in London (now the 'Benjamin Franklin House & Museum').
Workers doing renovations found the bones in a buried pit in the basement, remains including those of infants.
He had a special arrangement with a friend of a friend, William Hewson, now called the "Father of Hematology" for his discovery of blood composition and fibrin.
Hewson operated an "anatomy school" in Ben Franklin's garden (back yard) where students dissected cadavers.
He had an acknowledged illegitimate son, William, who was the last British governor of New Jersey & chief Loyalist, running pro-British military operations from his base in New York.
He died in exile. But HE had an illegitimate son...
William Temple Franklin was William's illegitimate son, born while William was in law school, London.
"Temple" accompanied his GRANDFATHER Benjamin & acted as his secretary, worked on Treaty of Paris where France recognized USA.
Brief return to US, then rest of life in France.
Temple had an illegitimate son, Théodore, but he died before the age of 5, and an illegitimate daughter, Ellen Franklin Hanbury, who was raised by HER grandfather William.
Ellen married but had no children, so this particular chain of Franklin Bastards reaches its end.
My hypothesis:
Humans invented hats because we were envious of the marvelous headgear in the animal world.
Let's talk about antlers, horns, ossicones & pronghorns.
#Antlers are shed & regrown every year, composed of bone that begins at a pedicle, base structure that remains after shedding. Antlers are extensions of the the skull.
Mechanism of growth similar to bone HEALING: cartilaginous tissue gives rise to bone coated in skin "velvet".
Antlers usually only form on males, with one exception: female reindeer grow shortened antlers, which may be functional for snow clearing, or challenge between females over scarce food resources.