Matthew Warwick Profile picture
Sep 25, 2021 18 tweets 6 min read Read on X
The superstructure of the battleship HMS King George V, January 1941.

There's a lot going in this photo, but what is everything for? And the 'Queen Anne's Mansion' superstructure is a distinctive feature, but what actually is inside it?

Well, starting from the top...

(1/18)
This is the sight for the UP Launcher on "B" turret. As designed it was meant to be No. 1 Pom Pom director for an Octuple Pom Pom on "B" turret, but such mounts were in short supply when the ship completed.

(2/18)
These are High Angle Control System Directors, Mk IV. They are designed to control the 5.25-inch guns against either air or sea targets. The bar sticking out is a 15 ft long rangefinder. No radar on these yet.

(3/18)
Each is connected to its own High Angle Calculating Position below armour, where the fire control computers are located.

There is another pair aft.

(4/18)
This is the ship's forward Director Control Tower, and the main control position for the 14-inch guns. The ship's Gunnery Officer was stationed here.

Of note is the Type 284 radar aerial that is mounted on the director.

(5/18)
The highest 'proper' level of the superstructure was the Compass Platform. The forward part, also known as the 'bridge', is where the ship was typically conned from. This part was roofed.

(6/18)
The area behind this was open to the sky, and contained various sights and lookouts. It was where the Air Defence Officer was stationed.

(7/18)
Finally, at the rear of this level were 2 compartments - the Captain's sea cabin and a Chart House.

Thus the Captain could get from his bed to the bridge in a matter of seconds.

(8/18)
Below this was the Lower Bridge. The forward end was the Admiral's Sheltered Lookout. Just an enclosed space for an Admiral to watch the world go by from.

This level also contained a Plotting Office, the radar office for the Type 284 and the Admiral's Chart House.

(9/18)
This level also contained the Pom Pom directors for the mounts atop the hangar (red), as well as 2 x 9 ft tactical rangefinders (blue).

(10/18)
Down again is the Signal Deck. This contained the Conning Tower at the forward end, with another Chart House behind it. In the middle of this area were 2 single cabins, 2 toilets, and a signalmman's store and shelter.

(11/18)
At the rear of this there were flag lockers at the base of the mast (red) and the Radio Direction Finding Office (blue).

This level also had 4 x 20" signal lamps and 2 x 44" searchlights.

(12/18)
Going down to No. 2 Platform, this level is mainly sea cabins for the Admiral, Navigating Officer, Chief of Staff and Signal Officer. It also has 2 bathrooms - with actual baths.

(13/18)
No. 1 Platform contains a variety of compartments, including a Gyro Adjusting Space, Double Cabin, CPO Reading Room, and Meterological Office. During peace time the Saluting Guns were mounted here as well, on the open areas visible forward.

(14/18)
Below this is the Shelter Deck level, which is predominately crew space. It's mostly a Crew's Recreation Room, but there's a bookstall, potato store, vegetable store and some work space as well.

(15/18)
Finally, we get down to the level of the Upper / Weather deck. There's a few stores for deck gear here, but it's mostly the Seamen's Galley and assorted kitchen compartments.

(16/18)
Of course, the hangars for 2 aircraft are also located at this level, immediately behind the 'tower' superstructure.

(17/18)
Lastly, a compartment that intrigued me for a long time. This is shelter for the Pom Pom crews.

(18/18)

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More from @mpwarwick

Jun 16
A brief thread on the Revenge class battleships, because there seems to be some myths about them.

Often seen as a retrograde step after the Queen Elizabeths, this misunderstands their fleet role compared to the Queen Elizabeth class. Image
The Queen Elizabeths were a 'special' class. Intended to give the battle fleet its own organic fast division, they introduced some notable improvements - the 15in gun, being entirely oil fueled, and the increased speed of 25 knots. Image
The Revenges were more of a successor to the Iron Duke class, designed as battleline units. As originally laid down speed reverted to 21 knots with mixed coal and oil fuel. (Coal, of course, being readily available in the UK and not reliant on overseas supply). Image
Read 16 tweets
Dec 5, 2023
One of my favourite photos of the battleship HMS Prince of Wales, late summer/early autumn of 1941.

This profile view offers a good opportunity to highlight some features of the class, so, a thread... Image
First, the main armament. 10 x 14-inch guns in a 4-2-4 arrangement. The turrets were called 'A', 'B' and 'Y'. 'B' turret was originally conceived as a Quad as well, but changed to a twin to enable more armour to be carried on a Treaty limited displacement. Image
The King George Vs often get criticised for "only" mounting 14in guns, but they had a very respectable weight of fire compared to contemporary European capital ships (which they were explicitly intended to counter). Hood and Renown included as comparative famous British ships. Image
Read 17 tweets
May 9, 2022
@ransonwrites To be honest, there wasn't much capacity for accelerating the Lions.

In essence, for most of 1934-35 the Royal Navy expected its next capital ship to have 14" guns. This was because most countries had indicated a willingness to reduce the calibre limit - except the USA.
@ransonwrites However, by Sep 1935 it had become clear that Japan would not agree to a reduction unless the USA didn, and the USA had given no such indication. European nations were also building fast 15" gun ships.

The need for a fast capital ship meant the 16" gun was viewed unfavourably.
@ransonwrites The choices were:

a) Adopt the 16" gun to match the US / Japan. This would require either a slow ship or one with substandard armor.

b) Adopt the 15" gun to match the European ships. This would be balanced, but would mean accepting a gunpower inferiority in the Pacific.
Read 12 tweets
Feb 17, 2022
Battleship Guns - Is fewer larger guns or more smaller guns better?

A question that troubled many a ship designer.

A comparison of 14", 15" and 16" guns...

1/30 Image
The advantages of the larger gun are clear - it has a bigger shell, with more ability to penetrate armour. It'll generally have a larger bursting charge inside it.

Thefore, your hits are more likely to do significant damage when they do hit.

2/30 Image
However, some urged that the important factor was to hit in the first place, and that the significance depends on *where* that hit is, rather than the size of the shell.

In such circumstances, more smaller guns will have an advantage.

3/30 Image
Read 31 tweets
Jan 17, 2022
HMS Vanguard, Britain's last battleship. A brief overview.

1/25
Vanguard was the last British battleship built – the 59th in a line of big-gun warships going back to Dreadnought. She was a ship with quite an interesting origin. In the late 1930s the Royal Navy had embarked on an ambitious construction programme of capital ships.

2/25
However, more ships were wanted. One of the main bottlenecks was the production of gun turrets. There were four old 15-inch gun turrets in storage, removed from the ‘large light cruisers’ Glorious and Courageous when they were converted into aircraft carriers in the 1920s.

3/25
Read 25 tweets
Sep 8, 2021
KGVs - Survivability Beyond Armour.

Clearly, battleships are known for their extensive heavy armour. But there's a lot more that goes into ensuring that they can remain combat capable if damaged.

I thought it would be interesting to highlight a few aspects.

(1/23)
Firstly, unit machinery and sub-division. The main propulsion machinery was divided across 8 compartments. 4 boiler rooms, each with 2 boilers, and 4 engine rooms.

These formed pairs, which were a self contained unit that drove 1 shaft.

(2/23)
Cross-connections were possible, so in case of breakdown or action damage you could form new 'units' with the functioning machinery. e.g. "A" boiler room could be connected to "B" engine room as a unit.

Or just for convenience in times of peace.

(3/23)
Read 23 tweets

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