Matthew Warwick Profile picture
Sep 25, 2021 18 tweets 6 min read Read on X
The superstructure of the battleship HMS King George V, January 1941.

There's a lot going in this photo, but what is everything for? And the 'Queen Anne's Mansion' superstructure is a distinctive feature, but what actually is inside it?

Well, starting from the top...

(1/18)
This is the sight for the UP Launcher on "B" turret. As designed it was meant to be No. 1 Pom Pom director for an Octuple Pom Pom on "B" turret, but such mounts were in short supply when the ship completed.

(2/18)
These are High Angle Control System Directors, Mk IV. They are designed to control the 5.25-inch guns against either air or sea targets. The bar sticking out is a 15 ft long rangefinder. No radar on these yet.

(3/18)
Each is connected to its own High Angle Calculating Position below armour, where the fire control computers are located.

There is another pair aft.

(4/18)
This is the ship's forward Director Control Tower, and the main control position for the 14-inch guns. The ship's Gunnery Officer was stationed here.

Of note is the Type 284 radar aerial that is mounted on the director.

(5/18)
The highest 'proper' level of the superstructure was the Compass Platform. The forward part, also known as the 'bridge', is where the ship was typically conned from. This part was roofed.

(6/18)
The area behind this was open to the sky, and contained various sights and lookouts. It was where the Air Defence Officer was stationed.

(7/18)
Finally, at the rear of this level were 2 compartments - the Captain's sea cabin and a Chart House.

Thus the Captain could get from his bed to the bridge in a matter of seconds.

(8/18)
Below this was the Lower Bridge. The forward end was the Admiral's Sheltered Lookout. Just an enclosed space for an Admiral to watch the world go by from.

This level also contained a Plotting Office, the radar office for the Type 284 and the Admiral's Chart House.

(9/18)
This level also contained the Pom Pom directors for the mounts atop the hangar (red), as well as 2 x 9 ft tactical rangefinders (blue).

(10/18)
Down again is the Signal Deck. This contained the Conning Tower at the forward end, with another Chart House behind it. In the middle of this area were 2 single cabins, 2 toilets, and a signalmman's store and shelter.

(11/18)
At the rear of this there were flag lockers at the base of the mast (red) and the Radio Direction Finding Office (blue).

This level also had 4 x 20" signal lamps and 2 x 44" searchlights.

(12/18)
Going down to No. 2 Platform, this level is mainly sea cabins for the Admiral, Navigating Officer, Chief of Staff and Signal Officer. It also has 2 bathrooms - with actual baths.

(13/18)
No. 1 Platform contains a variety of compartments, including a Gyro Adjusting Space, Double Cabin, CPO Reading Room, and Meterological Office. During peace time the Saluting Guns were mounted here as well, on the open areas visible forward.

(14/18)
Below this is the Shelter Deck level, which is predominately crew space. It's mostly a Crew's Recreation Room, but there's a bookstall, potato store, vegetable store and some work space as well.

(15/18)
Finally, we get down to the level of the Upper / Weather deck. There's a few stores for deck gear here, but it's mostly the Seamen's Galley and assorted kitchen compartments.

(16/18)
Of course, the hangars for 2 aircraft are also located at this level, immediately behind the 'tower' superstructure.

(17/18)
Lastly, a compartment that intrigued me for a long time. This is shelter for the Pom Pom crews.

(18/18)

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More from @mpwarwick

Jan 18
A rapid tour through the 59 'big gun' battleships (and battle cruisers) of the Royal Navy - from Dreadnought in 1906 to Vanguard in 1946.

1/26 Image
Dreadnought.

The first all big gun battleship in the world. Several navies had been moving in this direction, but Dreadnought was the first. 10 x 12in guns and capable of 21 knots, she marked a new era of battleship design. She rammed and sunk a U-Boat in 1915.

2/26 Image
Bellerophon, Temeraire, Superb.

The first British follow-on designs to Dreadnought, they largely retained the same layout with minor improvements. All three served at Jutland.

3/26 Image
Read 26 tweets
Jan 13
Why did the Royal Navy only reconstruct 3 ships in the 1930s out of the 10 Queen Elizabeths and Revenges? Why did only Royal Oak of the R class get improved deck armour? Did they plan to reconstruct Barham and Malaya?

The answers involve a dive into RN "large repairs".

1/ Image
Up until 1930 the scrapping schedule was set by the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty.

1935 - 3 x Queen Elizabeths
1936 - 1 x Queen Elizabeth, 1 x Revenge
1937 - 2 x Revenges
1938 - 1 x Revenge
1939 - 1 x Queen Elizabeth
1941 - 1 x Revenge

2/ Image
Under this plan, and given the financial situation of the 1920s and the benign international situation, it wasn't worth giving any of these ships a major modernisation beyond the fitting of anti-torpedo bulges. Nor, to be honest, did the technology exist to do so.

3/ Image
Read 35 tweets
Dec 7, 2024
A windy Saturday morning and a nice high resolution photo strikes me as an opportune time to look at some battleship design features.

1/ Image
Firstly, how do we know this is Warspite?

At a glance, the four twin turrets and tower like superstructure narrow it down to one of the three fully reconstructed Queen Elizabeths. (Vanguard, commissioned 1946, does share these features but she is very distinct!)

2/ Image
To tell Warspite apart from her sisters Queen Elizabeth and Valiant there are a couple of useful tells.

The easiest is the secondary armament. Warspite had a mixed battery - 4 x 6in guns in casemates (red box) and 4 x 4in guns in twin mounts (blue box) on each beam.

3/ Image
Read 12 tweets
Dec 1, 2024
I am going to take the liberty of extensively quoting from the end of Friedman's book 'British Carrier Aviation', because I think it makes some important points about aircraft carriers and seapower relevant to today.

1/ Image
"This long story would seem to have several morals. The first and most important is that carriers are valuable because they enhance the flexibility - the crucial element - of seapower. Navies are effective because they can present a great variety of enemies with a wide range

2/
of threats, so that a potential enemy must provide against so wide a range of contingencies as to reduce his capability in any one of them. This is a natural consequence of the mobility of navies as compared to ground (and associated air) forces.

3/
Read 17 tweets
Nov 22, 2024
Was looking through a copy of Janes Fighting Ships 2009-10 this week. Comparing the fleet then and the theoretical or anticipated replacement plans to what actually happened is depressing.

A grim thread...

1/18
Attack Submarines.

In 2009 there were 8 in service (1 Swiftsure, 7 Trafalgars). Sceptre was to decommission in 2010 with Astutes replacing the Trafalgars on a 1-to-1 basis between 2009 and 2022. Astute boat 5 was due to commission in 2017.

2/18 Image
Today we have 6 in service - theoretically (1 Trafalgar, 5 Astutes). Triumph is life extended to 2025. Astute boat 5 commissioned in 2022, 5 years late. Astute boats 2 and 3 haven't been to sea for years.

3/18 Image
Read 19 tweets
Oct 31, 2024
The battleship HMS Vanguard. She is often derided for being armed with ‘her Great Aunt’s teeth’.

This is due to her being equipped with four spare 15-inch turrets from storage, previously used on Courageous and Glorious prior to their conversion into carriers.

1/14 Image
These turrets were ordered in 1913-14 and consequently were some 30 years old by the time Vanguard entered service in 1946. This, however, does her firepower a great disservice. This can be seen by looking at each element of the main armament.

2/14 Image
The Gun:

The 15”/42 was the most successful British battleship gun to ever go to sea. It was reliable, it was accurate and it was consistent. It remained very highly regarded by its users during the Second World War despite its age.

3/14 Image
Read 14 tweets

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