Something that I can’t wrap my head around is now on earth Ambedkar thought that Buddhism was a religion centered on social justice.
Hot take but Lord Buddha endorsed jati-varna/caste more then Lord Ram or Lord Krishna ever did.
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Across various sutras, Lord Buddha explicitly endorses the 4 fold varna system. Emphasis is placed on Brahmin and Kshatriya castes as respected communities and the castes where Buddha’s and Bodhisattvas are born into (All Buddhas thus far were born in Brahmin/Kshatriya lineages).
Jati especially is endorsed as birth based and it seems that in some ways, jati/varna are used interchangeably interestingly enough.
The passage below clearly shows how caste-conscious and conformist Indian/Buddhist society was during Lord Buddha’s time.
OTOH, there are def interpretations where Lord Buddha says caste is based on profession/action. However on closer examination, the word “kammanā” is expanded to include the classic sanchit & other karmic concepts denoting high level karma that factors into birth vs current karma.
The dagger to Ambedkar’s Navayana though, may be how vehemently Buddha opposes inter-caste marriage. Again, I really cannot recall any verses as condemning as the below & prior ones uttered by Lord Ram/Lord Krishna on caste. Curious…
Something that may cause even more schizophrenic emotions is Lord Buddha dedicating an entire chapter of the Dhammapada to praising Brahmins. From their aesthetics to their asceticism, Buddha chides those who attack Brahmins but also does seem to favor an action based Brahminhood
But what about Buddhists society? Ambedkar would have you believe that Buddhist societies were so egalitarian utopias free of the evils of Brahminism. Well besides the fact that Buddhists frequently worshipped “Brahminical gods,” we also have caste in 🇱🇰 , 🇳🇵, & 🇲🇲
You can read even more myth-busting on caste especially in a political and historical sense in my recent piece. From the Vedas, Buddhism, Bhakti movement, Ambedkar, Dalit politics, and now the BJP’s brute dominance amongst the Bahujans.
Many are disappointed with the ceasefire, including me, but I think we need to zoom out (& zoom in via satellites) to really get a handle on what the latest Indo-Pak conflict means for 🇮🇳
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PS - Sunrise at 3:15 AM in Pakistan really captures what we should focus on.
Strategically, India has gone far beyond what most would assume, especially in the shadow of cowardice that gripped India pre-Uri/Balakot.
India unleashed its vaunted missile arsenal, wreaked havoc with drones, & resolutely defended the skies via its air force & especially its air defense systems - the latter of which proved to be a surprise prize winner amongst the lot, especially considering how much of it was indigenously made.
What should be certainly appreciated more is the sheer depth of Indian penetration in Pakistan while the reverse was rendered almost completely null by India's stellar air defense systems.
Beyond the surreal videos of missile strikes, we are seeing satellite images & amateur stills & clips of the aftermath.
In this case, I will refer to strict subcontinental boundaries at inception, so I will skip Āryavarta in the Vedas & go directly to Bhārata - named after all-conquering King Bharata.
Here's an emphatic declaration from the Vishnu Purana. You cannot argue with geography...
Jambudvīpa, the Island of the Jambu (Indian blackberry) tree, is found across ancient literature as well.
The below excerpt shows how subcontinental the idea really was as the extreme south is directly correlated with extreme north for pilgrims.
A few thoughts on the (geo)political ramifications of the Pahalgam Massacre:
Firstly, we have to start with Pakistan. There was local support in Kashmir, but the signs point to Pakistani involvement whether via the actual terrorists (a couple have already been ID'ed as Pakistani) or just clandestine support from the Pakistani state.
If you look at it from their angle, this is a great time to pull this off. Whether Pakistanis are seen as strong-willed or numb, they've endured massive economic stress which now seems to be cooling. Simultaneously, Baloch & Pashtun lands have seen much more militant attacks recently. For the Pak Army, there's no better time to unite the Pakistani people via provoking India than now.
They won't seem desperate due to economy not being the *worst* it could be (while still being bad). And also they can rally around alleged Indian involvement in Balochi & Pashtun areas.
For India, it is an interesting situation to say the least. The economy is doing good, but could be doing better - much better in fact. Reforms are coming via state and some backend central moves (that may materialize or not) but for the centre, there is a looming notion of pulling the trigger of reform and going head to head with anti-development forces, something that could definitely result in electoral defeats and power loss.
This is a double-edged sword here. On one hand, Modi could use a riled up populace to sneak in reforms on the down low. On the other, it could be seen as too opportunistic in a time where he should be doing more to address the issue of Kashmir/Pakistan. Nonetheless, the initial diplomatic silo has been a solid and uncharacteristically quick first move. Keep an eye on how uniform the condemnation has been from the West & Gulf countries, this may play a role in further long term beyond military action like economic or diplomatic isolation that could bleed Pakistan over the years.
Kashmir has had issues recently with terror attacks, but it is relatively much more stable than pre-370 and easily much better than high octane periods like the 90s. Tourism and investments were rising. For local separatists, this wasn't a good situation. They do not want locals to let go of their very real religious bigotry & ethnic animus towards Hindus & Indians just for a couple of rupees. This attack in coordination with Pakistan helps kill the money train & slow motion normalization (some may say futile normalization).
Our final segment: 🇮🇳 at the eve of colonization was a sight to behold for adventurous Europeans.
The prize of the world attracted missionaries, merchants, mercenaries, & metaphysicians who wrote in detail about what they saw.
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The explorer, Fraser, gives a stunning description of Gangotri - being the first European to ever lay eyes on the holy site.
The account continues after the below page: “…now reached the holiest shrine of Hindoo worship which these holy hills contain. These are surely striking considerations, combining with the solemn grandeur of the place, to move the feelings strongly.”
Another riveting description of the site.
The Gangoti temple built by the Gurkha General Amar Singh Thapa is still there today.
One of the biggest precursors to the Meiji Restoration was the downfall of the samurai.
Once revered as emblematic warrior elites, they were now debased in the eyes of commoners.
This collapse of hierarchy would pave the way for a cataclysmic civil war changing Japan forever 🧵
The primary reason for their fall was their involvement in commercial affairs & subsequent deep debt many took on due to a weak hand when it came to finances:
The most kinetic aspect of this was the entry of commoners into formal armies in the form of mixed units (kiheitai), especially those of the Choshu domain.
The kiheitai were originally not that successful as Choshu commoners didn't respect the samurai, especially rebels (ronin).