Emma Hilton Profile picture
Oct 2, 2021 12 tweets 4 min read Read on X
This is Lisa Carrington. She is a New Zealand canoeist.

She won three gold medals at Tokyo 2020 and became NZ’s most successful Olympian ever. Image
This is Caitlin Regal. She is a New Zealand canoeist.

She won her first Olympic gold medal at Tokyo 2020. Image
This is Emma Twigg. She is a New Zealand rower.

She won her first Olympic gold medal at Tokyo 2020. Image
These are Kerry Gowler and Grace Prendergast. They are New Zealand rowers.

They both won their first Olympic gold medals at Tokyo 2020. Image
These are the New Zealand women rugby 7s.

They won gold medals at Tokyo 2020.

Michaela Blyde
Kelly Brazier
Gayle Broughton
Theresa Fitzpatrick
Stacey Fluhler
Sarah Hirini
Shiray Kaka
Tyla Nathan-Wong
Risi Pouri-Lane
Alena Saili
Ruby Tui
Tenika Willison
Portia Woodman Image
These brilliant female athletes gave New Zealand their highest number of gold medals in nearly 30 years.

Well done!
More brilliant NZ sportswomen!

The current netball world champions (and I've seen them play live!)

This is Tupou Neiufu. She is a NZ paralympic swimmer. At two years old, she was injured in a hit a run, and left with a permanent brain injury causing hemiplegia.

She won her first Olympic gold medal at Tokyo 2020. Image
This is Lisa Adams. She is a NZ paralympic shotputter. She has left hemiplegia.

In 2020, she won her first Olympic gold medal and, in separate competition, set the world record for her event. Image
This is Sophie Pascoe. She is a NZ paralympic swimmer. At 2 yrs old, she suffered severe leg injuries, resulting in left amputation below the knee, in an accident.

She did not win her first gold medal at Tokyo 2020.

She joined an elite club of 40 athletes with 10 Olympic golds. Image
This is Anna Grimaldi. She is a NZ paralympic sprinter and longjumper. She was born without a functional right forearm/hand.

She jumped her way to her second Olympic gold at Tokyo 2020. Image
This is Holly Robinson. She is a NZ paralympic javelin thrower. She was born without a left forearm/hand.

She won her first Olympic gold at Tokyo 2020. Image

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More from @FondOfBeetles

Nov 13
Why male advantage in sport is not a social construct: height.

Height is a key difference between males and females. What is nature v nurture? What does that mean for sport?Image
Bigger skeletons are most obviously driven by longer bone growth. Key bones like those in your thigh (“long bones”) grow from their end to get longer, making you taller. Image
The site of bone lengthening is called the “epiphyseal plate” or “growth plate”. Here, cells divide/enlarge, making new tissue that pushes the bone ends apart. This tissue calcifies and is replaced by bone, leading to lengthwise growth. Image
Read 21 tweets
Nov 11
Ok, my charity wears off.

Bekker’s presentation of the “Hilton and Lundberg” argument is nonsense.

At no point have either of us, or anyone else we work with, reduced male advantage to simply muscle mass/strength. @TLexercise @Scienceofsport Image
In the contrary, we have consistently argued that male advantage stems from many physical then functional outcomes of male development.

We spent hours (actually days 😂) creating this graphic, trying to highlight key areas of physicality that underpin male advantage.

HowTF is this reduced to “it’s all muscle”?Image
In our original paper, we had a table upfront, highlighting (in a less pleasing presentation) the same type of metrics. Image
Read 7 tweets
Nov 11
I’m going to put my charitable hat on, and try to elucidate - maybe even, as good practice, steelman - an opposition argument.

Specifically, this one: Image
Let’s set a concrete example: the 10 second barrier (100m sprint).

Wiki - allowing for small errors - tells me that around 200 male sprinters have broken it. We know, of course, that no female sprinter has been close (Flo Jo record 10.49s).
For the following, I’m going to ignore the premise that humans might be close to biomechanical limits over a 100m sprint. It’s just an illustration.

If we follow world record progressions, we see trends (not just in sprinting, the graph below is from a swimming event). Image
Read 18 tweets
Nov 4
As the latest on Olympic boxer Imane Khelif is reported, a diagnosis of 5ARD is almost certain. I and others first raised the likelihood of this DSD a few months ago.

Understanding how the developmental biology of DSDs interacts with sports categorisation is crucial.
I spoke about this with Andrew Gold during the competition:

And I recently gave a talk at a meeting, on DSDs, male advantage and sports categorisation. I will add some slides below.
Read 15 tweets
Nov 4
In August, we were invited by the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports @WileyGlobal to make an argument for screening for eligibility into the female category.

We proposed a cheek swab screen of DNA, performed before an athlete is thrust into the spotlight, with follow up care in the case of unexpected results.
@WileyGlobal This month, two responses to this editorial have been published side-by-side.

The first was an argument against our proposal:
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
@WileyGlobal The second was our response to those arguments:
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
Read 11 tweets
Oct 29
Ricin is extremely bad for people.

So bad, it’s a viable way to way to wipe out populations.

So bad, it’s regulated at the same level of weapon as sarin and mustard gas.

So bad, the ricin lab at my alma mater was more heavily-regulated than the HIV (live, infectious) lab.
Anyone found with some home stash of ricin has no defence.

It comes from castor beans (common enough). But you don’t accidentally grind them up and extract the toxin as a kitchen experiment.
Ricin is a toxin that targets ribosomes. These are the molecules that, in each cell, make proteins.

Proteins are how your cells do their jobs. Stopping proteins being made is very bad.
Read 7 tweets

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