Both the rider in question who rode away and the group of riders in question regarding the nandrolone tests where both high natural occurring levels and contamination were ruled out were part of Shane Sutton's squad of riders.
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As Shane's squad under went testing for nandrolone in an unacredited WADA lab against WADA's rules as few as 10 British Cycling staff were aware, including the gang: Brailsford, Sutton, Peters and Freeman.
3/
Close to this time March 2011 Dr Freeman was also ordering another androgenic anabolic steroid testosterone.
Both drugs aim to improve muscle mass, muscle retention, increase rate of recovery and help reduce body fat percentage. Potenten performance enhancing drugs.
4/
This is another alarming case involving British Cycling where UKAD failed to find any wrong doing.
Questions remain over why was the disappearing rider case not followed up?
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Furthermore, questions over the efficacy and credibility of UKAD are in question after their involvement with the nandrolone testing due to negligence in keeping documents.
Lack of investigation into Shane Sutton's doping past, where witnesses left uncontacted by UKAD...
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Least of all let's not forget the 13 month long Wiggins jiffy bag saga where Triamcinolone the powerful corticosteroid used to strip fat and retain muscle mass was likely used. This ultimately led to no findings of any wrong doing.
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What does the scientific literature tell us about the effects of super shoes on running economy and race performance? Let’s investigate.
Long thread 🧵
*** Disclaimer***
Without directly testing Assefa in the laboratory we can not determine the effect of super shoes on her running economy and other physiological markers. However, we can explore what the academic literature may suggest is possible and/or not possible. 2/
The first study to examine super shoes was Hoogkamer et al. (2017) pioneering paper. Here researchers observed an enhancement in running economy (RE) on average by 4% compared to traditional racing shoes.
The lower the mass of the leg further away from the body the lower the energetic cost to move it.
East African's have small amounts of musculature in the lower leg. Their gastrocnemius is small and the bulk of the mass more proximal to the knee with alimb ankles.
The gender gap exists across all running distances as shown by Thibault et al (2010) study showsthe smallest margin in running events of 6.5% in the 100m but the largest difference 13.96% I the 4x100m.
One of anti-doping's biggest challenges is proving how a substance entered an athlete's body. Subsequently, the responsibility has been placed upon the athlete to prove how a substance has came into their body under WADA's Code of 'strict liability'.
Thread 1/
With anti-doping labs analytical sensitivity improving, athletes testing positive due to contamination of supplements for trace amounts of PED's offers a real concern to both athletes and the anti-doping authorities.
2/
Britain's CJ Ujah part of the Olympic 4x100m relay team who won the silver medal at the Tokyo Olympics has returned an AAF for the Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator's (SARM'S) Ostarine & S-23. He is likely to claim a contaminated supplement is the reason behind his AAF
@WorldAthletics time for a periodic review of the DSD regulations which currently restrict 46XY female athletes who have testes & testosterone levels in the male range (7.7 - 29.4nmol/L) currently only restricting participation in events over the 400m-1500m.
Thread 1/
The performance benefits of testosterone do not discriminate between running distances.
On average males have a performance benefit of 11.2% (± 1. 25) across all running events & 19.0% (± 2.57) for all jumping events.
The gender gap exists across all running distances as shown by Thibault et al (2010) study showsthe smallest margin in running events of 6.5% in the 100m but the largest difference 13.96% I the 4x100m.